scdaemon.c
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scdaemon.c
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	/* scdaemon.c - The GnuPG Smartcard Daemon
	* Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005,
	* 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	*
	* This file is part of GnuPG.
	*
	* GnuPG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* GnuPG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	*/

	#include <config.h>

	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <stddef.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <assert.h>
	#include <time.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#ifndef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	#include <sys/socket.h>
	#include <sys/un.h>
	#endif /HAVE_W32_SYSTEM/
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#include <npth.h>

	#define JNLIB_NEED_LOG_LOGV
	#define JNLIB_NEED_AFLOCAL
	#include "scdaemon.h"
	#include <ksba.h>
	#include <gcrypt.h>

	#include <assuan.h> /* malloc hooks */

	#include "i18n.h"
	#include "sysutils.h"
	#include "app-common.h"
	#include "iso7816.h"
	#include "apdu.h"
	#include "ccid-driver.h"
	#include "mkdtemp.h"
	#include "gc-opt-flags.h"
	#include "asshelp.h"
	#include "../common/init.h"


	enum cmd_and_opt_values
	{ aNull = 0,
	oCsh = 'c',
	oQuiet = 'q',
	oSh = 's',
	oVerbose = 'v',

	oNoVerbose = 500,
	aGPGConfList,
	aGPGConfTest,
	oOptions,
	oDebug,
	oDebugAll,
	oDebugLevel,
	oDebugWait,
	oDebugAllowCoreDump,
	oDebugCCIDDriver,
	oDebugLogTid,
	oDebugAssuanLogCats,
	oNoGreeting,
	oNoOptions,
	oHomedir,
	oNoDetach,
	oNoGrab,
	oLogFile,
	oServer,
	oMultiServer,
	oDaemon,
	oBatch,
	oReaderPort,
	oCardTimeout,
	octapiDriver,
	opcscDriver,
	oDisableCCID,
	oDisableOpenSC,
	oDisableKeypad,
	oAllowAdmin,
	oDenyAdmin,
	oDisableApplication,
	oEnableKeypadVarlen,
	oDebugDisableTicker
	};



	static ARGPARSE_OPTS opts[] = {
	ARGPARSE_c (aGPGConfList, "gpgconf-list", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_c (aGPGConfTest, "gpgconf-test", "@"),

	ARGPARSE_group (301, N_("@Options:\n ")),

	ARGPARSE_s_n (oServer,"server", N_("run in server mode (foreground)")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oMultiServer, "multi-server",
	N_("run in multi server mode (foreground)")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDaemon, "daemon", N_("run in daemon mode (background)")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oVerbose, "verbose", N_("verbose")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oQuiet, "quiet", N_("be somewhat more quiet")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oSh, "sh", N_("sh-style command output")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oCsh, "csh", N_("csh-style command output")),
	ARGPARSE_s_s (oOptions, "options", N_("\|FILE\|read options from FILE")),
	ARGPARSE_p_u (oDebug, "debug", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDebugAll, "debug-all", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_s (oDebugLevel, "debug-level" ,
	N_("\|LEVEL\|set the debugging level to LEVEL")),
	ARGPARSE_s_i (oDebugWait, "debug-wait", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDebugAllowCoreDump, "debug-allow-core-dump", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDebugCCIDDriver, "debug-ccid-driver", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDebugDisableTicker, "debug-disable-ticker", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDebugLogTid, "debug-log-tid", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_p_u (oDebugAssuanLogCats, "debug-assuan-log-cats", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oNoDetach, "no-detach", N_("do not detach from the console")),
	ARGPARSE_s_s (oLogFile, "log-file", N_("\|FILE\|write a log to FILE")),
	ARGPARSE_s_s (oReaderPort, "reader-port",
	N_("\|N\|connect to reader at port N")),
	ARGPARSE_s_s (octapiDriver, "ctapi-driver",
	N_("\|NAME\|use NAME as ct-API driver")),
	ARGPARSE_s_s (opcscDriver, "pcsc-driver",
	N_("\|NAME\|use NAME as PC/SC driver")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDisableCCID, "disable-ccid",
	#ifdef HAVE_LIBUSB
	N_("do not use the internal CCID driver")
	#else
	"@"
	#endif
	/* end --disable-ccid */),
	ARGPARSE_s_u (oCardTimeout, "card-timeout",
	N_("\|N\|disconnect the card after N seconds of inactivity")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDisableKeypad, "disable-keypad",
	N_("do not use a reader's keypad")),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oAllowAdmin, "allow-admin", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oDenyAdmin, "deny-admin",
	N_("deny the use of admin card commands")),
	ARGPARSE_s_s (oDisableApplication, "disable-application", "@"),
	ARGPARSE_s_n (oEnableKeypadVarlen, "enable-keypad-varlen",
	N_("use variable length input for keypad")),

	ARGPARSE_end ()
	};


	/* The card driver we use by default for PC/SC. */
	#if defined(HAVE_W32_SYSTEM) \|\| defined(__CYGWIN__)
	#define DEFAULT_PCSC_DRIVER "winscard.dll"
	#elif defined(__APPLE__)
	#define DEFAULT_PCSC_DRIVER "/System/Library/Frameworks/PCSC.framework/PCSC"
	#elif defined(__GLIBC__)
	#define DEFAULT_PCSC_DRIVER "libpcsclite.so.1"
	#else
	#define DEFAULT_PCSC_DRIVER "libpcsclite.so"
	#endif

	/* The timer tick used for housekeeping stuff. We poll every 500ms to
	let the user immediately know a status change.

	This is not too good for power saving but given that there is no
	easy way to block on card status changes it is the best we can do.
	For PC/SC we could in theory use an extra thread to wait for status
	changes but that requires a native thread because there is no way
	to make the underlying PC/SC card change function block using a Npth
	mechanism. Given that a native thread could only be used under W32
	we don't do that at all. */
	#define TIMERTICK_INTERVAL_SEC (0)
	#define TIMERTICK_INTERVAL_USEC (500000)

	/* Flag to indicate that a shutdown was requested. */
	static int shutdown_pending;

	/* It is possible that we are currently running under setuid permissions */
	static int maybe_setuid = 1;

	/* Flag telling whether we are running as a pipe server. */
	static int pipe_server;

	/* Name of the communication socket */
	static char *socket_name;

	/* We need to keep track of the server's nonces (these are dummies for
	POSIX systems). */
	static assuan_sock_nonce_t socket_nonce;

	/* Debug flag to disable the ticker. The ticker is in fact not
	disabled but it won't perform any ticker specific actions. */
	static int ticker_disabled;



	static char *create_socket_name (int use_standard_socket,
	char standard_name, char template);
	static gnupg_fd_t create_server_socket (int is_standard_name, const char *name,
	assuan_sock_nonce_t *nonce);

	static void start_connection_thread (void arg);
	static void handle_connections (int listen_fd);

	/* Pth wrapper function definitions. */
	ASSUAN_SYSTEM_NPTH_IMPL;

	static int active_connections;


	static char *
	make_libversion (const char libname, const char (getfnc)(const char))
	{
	const char *s;
	char *result;

	if (maybe_setuid)
	{
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_INIT_SECMEM, 0, 0); /* Drop setuid. */
	maybe_setuid = 0;
	}
	s = getfnc (NULL);
	result = xmalloc (strlen (libname) + 1 + strlen (s) + 1);
	strcpy (stpcpy (stpcpy (result, libname), " "), s);
	return result;
	}


	static const char *
	my_strusage (int level)
	{
	static char ver_gcry, ver_ksba;
	const char *p;

	switch (level)
	{
	case 11: p = "scdaemon (GnuPG)";
	break;
	case 13: p = VERSION; break;
	case 17: p = PRINTABLE_OS_NAME; break;
	case 19: p = _("Please report bugs to <@EMAIL@>.\n"); break;

	case 20:
	if (!ver_gcry)
	ver_gcry = make_libversion ("libgcrypt", gcry_check_version);
	p = ver_gcry;
	break;
	case 21:
	if (!ver_ksba)
	ver_ksba = make_libversion ("libksba", ksba_check_version);
	p = ver_ksba;
	break;
	case 1:
	case 40: p = _("Usage: scdaemon [options] (-h for help)");
	break;
	case 41: p = _("Syntax: scdaemon [options] [command [args]]\n"
	"Smartcard daemon for GnuPG\n");
	break;

	default: p = NULL;
	}
	return p;
	}


	static int
	tid_log_callback (unsigned long *rvalue)
	{
	int len = sizeof (*rvalue);
	npth_t thread;

	thread = npth_self ();
	if (sizeof (thread) < len)
	len = sizeof (thread);
	memcpy (rvalue, &thread, len);

	return 2; /* Use use hex representation. */
	}


	/* Setup the debugging. With a LEVEL of NULL only the active debug
	flags are propagated to the subsystems. With LEVEL set, a specific
	set of debug flags is set; thus overriding all flags already
	set. */
	static void
	set_debug (const char *level)
	{
	int numok = (level && digitp (level));
	int numlvl = numok? atoi (level) : 0;

	if (!level)
	;
	else if (!strcmp (level, "none") \|\| (numok && numlvl < 1))
	opt.debug = 0;
	else if (!strcmp (level, "basic") \|\| (numok && numlvl <= 2))
	opt.debug = DBG_ASSUAN_VALUE;
	else if (!strcmp (level, "advanced") \|\| (numok && numlvl <= 5))
	opt.debug = DBG_ASSUAN_VALUE\|DBG_COMMAND_VALUE;
	else if (!strcmp (level, "expert") \|\| (numok && numlvl <= 8))
	opt.debug = (DBG_ASSUAN_VALUE\|DBG_COMMAND_VALUE
	\|DBG_CACHE_VALUE\|DBG_CARD_IO_VALUE);
	else if (!strcmp (level, "guru") \|\| numok)
	{
	opt.debug = ~0;
	/* Unless the "guru" string has been used we don't want to allow
	hashing debugging. The rationale is that people tend to
	select the highest debug value and would then clutter their
	disk with debug files which may reveal confidential data. */
	if (numok)
	opt.debug &= ~(DBG_HASHING_VALUE);
	}
	else
	{
	log_error (_("invalid debug-level '%s' given\n"), level);
	scd_exit(2);
	}


	if (opt.debug && !opt.verbose)
	opt.verbose = 1;
	if (opt.debug && opt.quiet)
	opt.quiet = 0;

	if (opt.debug & DBG_MPI_VALUE)
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_SET_DEBUG_FLAGS, 2);
	if (opt.debug & DBG_CRYPTO_VALUE )
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_SET_DEBUG_FLAGS, 1);
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_SET_VERBOSITY, (int)opt.verbose);

	if (opt.debug)
	log_info ("enabled debug flags:%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
	(opt.debug & DBG_COMMAND_VALUE)? " command":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_MPI_VALUE )? " mpi":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_CRYPTO_VALUE )? " crypto":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_MEMORY_VALUE )? " memory":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_CACHE_VALUE )? " cache":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_MEMSTAT_VALUE)? " memstat":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_HASHING_VALUE)? " hashing":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_ASSUAN_VALUE )? " assuan":"",
	(opt.debug & DBG_CARD_IO_VALUE)? " cardio":"");
	}



	static void
	cleanup (void)
	{
	if (socket_name && *socket_name)
	{
	char *p;

	remove (socket_name);
	p = strrchr (socket_name, '/');
	if (p)
	{
	*p = 0;
	rmdir (socket_name);
	*p = '/';
	}
	*socket_name = 0;
	}
	}



	int
	main (int argc, char **argv )
	{
	ARGPARSE_ARGS pargs;
	int orig_argc;
	char **orig_argv;
	FILE *configfp = NULL;
	char *configname = NULL;
	const char *shell;
	unsigned int configlineno;
	int parse_debug = 0;
	const char *debug_level = NULL;
	int default_config =1;
	int greeting = 0;
	int nogreeting = 0;
	int multi_server = 0;
	int is_daemon = 0;
	int nodetach = 0;
	int csh_style = 0;
	char *logfile = NULL;
	int debug_wait = 0;
	int gpgconf_list = 0;
	const char *config_filename = NULL;
	int allow_coredump = 0;
	int standard_socket = 0;
	struct assuan_malloc_hooks malloc_hooks;
	int res;
	npth_t pipecon_handler;

	set_strusage (my_strusage);
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_SUSPEND_SECMEM_WARN);
	/* Please note that we may running SUID(ROOT), so be very CAREFUL
	when adding any stuff between here and the call to INIT_SECMEM()
	somewhere after the option parsing */
	log_set_prefix ("scdaemon", 1\|4);

	/* Make sure that our subsystems are ready. */
	i18n_init ();
	init_common_subsystems (&argc, &argv);

	npth_init ();

	/* Check that the libraries are suitable. Do it here because
	the option parsing may need services of the library */
	if (!gcry_check_version (NEED_LIBGCRYPT_VERSION) )
	{
	log_fatal (_("%s is too old (need %s, have %s)\n"), "libgcrypt",
	NEED_LIBGCRYPT_VERSION, gcry_check_version (NULL) );
	}

	ksba_set_malloc_hooks (gcry_malloc, gcry_realloc, gcry_free);

	malloc_hooks.malloc = gcry_malloc;
	malloc_hooks.realloc = gcry_realloc;
	malloc_hooks.free = gcry_free;
	assuan_set_malloc_hooks (&malloc_hooks);
	assuan_set_gpg_err_source (GPG_ERR_SOURCE_DEFAULT);
	assuan_set_system_hooks (ASSUAN_SYSTEM_NPTH);
	assuan_sock_init ();
	setup_libassuan_logging (&opt.debug);

	setup_libgcrypt_logging ();
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_USE_SECURE_RNDPOOL);

	disable_core_dumps ();

	/* Set default options. */
	opt.allow_admin = 1;
	opt.pcsc_driver = DEFAULT_PCSC_DRIVER;

	#ifdef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	standard_socket = 1; /* Under Windows we always use a standard
	socket. */
	#endif


	shell = getenv ("SHELL");
	if (shell && strlen (shell) >= 3 && !strcmp (shell+strlen (shell)-3, "csh") )
	csh_style = 1;

	opt.homedir = default_homedir ();

	/* Check whether we have a config file on the commandline */
	orig_argc = argc;
	orig_argv = argv;
	pargs.argc = &argc;
	pargs.argv = &argv;
	pargs.flags= 1\|(1<<6); /* do not remove the args, ignore version */
	while (arg_parse( &pargs, opts))
	{
	if (pargs.r_opt == oDebug \|\| pargs.r_opt == oDebugAll)
	parse_debug++;
	else if (pargs.r_opt == oOptions)
	{ /* yes there is one, so we do not try the default one, but
	read the option file when it is encountered at the
	commandline */
	default_config = 0;
	}
	else if (pargs.r_opt == oNoOptions)
	default_config = 0; /* --no-options */
	else if (pargs.r_opt == oHomedir)
	opt.homedir = pargs.r.ret_str;
	}

	/* initialize the secure memory. */
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_INIT_SECMEM, 16384, 0);
	maybe_setuid = 0;

	/*
	Now we are working under our real uid
	*/


	if (default_config)
	configname = make_filename (opt.homedir, "scdaemon.conf", NULL );


	argc = orig_argc;
	argv = orig_argv;
	pargs.argc = &argc;
	pargs.argv = &argv;
	pargs.flags= 1; /* do not remove the args */
	next_pass:
	if (configname)
	{
	configlineno = 0;
	configfp = fopen (configname, "r");
	if (!configfp)
	{
	if (default_config)
	{
	if( parse_debug )
	log_info (_("NOTE: no default option file '%s'\n"),
	configname );
	}
	else
	{
	log_error (_("option file '%s': %s\n"),
	configname, strerror(errno) );
	exit(2);
	}
	xfree (configname);
	configname = NULL;
	}
	if (parse_debug && configname )
	log_info (_("reading options from '%s'\n"), configname );
	default_config = 0;
	}

	while (optfile_parse( configfp, configname, &configlineno, &pargs, opts) )
	{
	switch (pargs.r_opt)
	{
	case aGPGConfList: gpgconf_list = 1; break;
	case aGPGConfTest: gpgconf_list = 2; break;
	case oQuiet: opt.quiet = 1; break;
	case oVerbose: opt.verbose++; break;
	case oBatch: opt.batch=1; break;

	case oDebug: opt.debug \|= pargs.r.ret_ulong; break;
	case oDebugAll: opt.debug = ~0; break;
	case oDebugLevel: debug_level = pargs.r.ret_str; break;
	case oDebugWait: debug_wait = pargs.r.ret_int; break;
	case oDebugAllowCoreDump:
	enable_core_dumps ();
	allow_coredump = 1;
	break;
	case oDebugCCIDDriver:
	#ifdef HAVE_LIBUSB
	ccid_set_debug_level (ccid_set_debug_level (-1)+1);
	#endif /HAVE_LIBUSB/
	break;
	case oDebugDisableTicker: ticker_disabled = 1; break;
	case oDebugLogTid:
	log_set_pid_suffix_cb (tid_log_callback);
	break;
	case oDebugAssuanLogCats:
	set_libassuan_log_cats (pargs.r.ret_ulong);
	break;

	case oOptions:
	/* config files may not be nested (silently ignore them) */
	if (!configfp)
	{
	xfree(configname);
	configname = xstrdup(pargs.r.ret_str);
	goto next_pass;
	}
	break;
	case oNoGreeting: nogreeting = 1; break;
	case oNoVerbose: opt.verbose = 0; break;
	case oNoOptions: break; /* no-options */
	case oHomedir: opt.homedir = pargs.r.ret_str; break;
	case oNoDetach: nodetach = 1; break;
	case oLogFile: logfile = pargs.r.ret_str; break;
	case oCsh: csh_style = 1; break;
	case oSh: csh_style = 0; break;
	case oServer: pipe_server = 1; break;
	case oMultiServer: pipe_server = 1; multi_server = 1; break;
	case oDaemon: is_daemon = 1; break;

	case oReaderPort: opt.reader_port = pargs.r.ret_str; break;
	case octapiDriver: opt.ctapi_driver = pargs.r.ret_str; break;
	case opcscDriver: opt.pcsc_driver = pargs.r.ret_str; break;
	case oDisableCCID: opt.disable_ccid = 1; break;
	case oDisableOpenSC: break;

	case oDisableKeypad: opt.disable_keypad = 1; break;

	case oAllowAdmin: /* Dummy because allow is now the default. */
	break;
	case oDenyAdmin: opt.allow_admin = 0; break;

	case oCardTimeout: opt.card_timeout = pargs.r.ret_ulong; break;

	case oDisableApplication:
	add_to_strlist (&opt.disabled_applications, pargs.r.ret_str);
	break;

	case oEnableKeypadVarlen: opt.enable_keypad_varlen = 1; break;

	default:
	pargs.err = configfp? ARGPARSE_PRINT_WARNING:ARGPARSE_PRINT_ERROR;
	break;
	}
	}
	if (configfp)
	{
	fclose( configfp );
	configfp = NULL;
	/* Keep a copy of the config name for use by --gpgconf-list. */
	config_filename = configname;
	configname = NULL;
	goto next_pass;
	}
	xfree (configname);
	configname = NULL;
	if (log_get_errorcount(0))
	exit(2);
	if (nogreeting )
	greeting = 0;

	if (greeting)
	{
	es_fprintf (es_stderr, "%s %s; %s\n",
	strusage(11), strusage(13), strusage(14) );
	es_fprintf (es_stderr, "%s\n", strusage(15) );
	}
	#ifdef IS_DEVELOPMENT_VERSION
	log_info ("NOTE: this is a development version!\n");
	#endif

	/* Print a warning if an argument looks like an option. */
	if (!opt.quiet && !(pargs.flags & ARGPARSE_FLAG_STOP_SEEN))
	{
	int i;

	for (i=0; i < argc; i++)
	if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '-')
	log_info (_("NOTE: '%s' is not considered an option\n"), argv[i]);
	}

	if (atexit (cleanup))
	{
	log_error ("atexit failed\n");
	cleanup ();
	exit (1);
	}

	set_debug (debug_level);

	initialize_module_command ();

	if (gpgconf_list == 2)
	scd_exit (0);
	if (gpgconf_list)
	{
	/* List options and default values in the GPG Conf format. */
	char *filename = NULL;
	char *filename_esc;

	if (config_filename)
	filename = xstrdup (config_filename);
	else
	filename = make_filename (opt.homedir, "scdaemon.conf", NULL);
	filename_esc = percent_escape (filename, NULL);

	es_printf ("gpgconf-scdaemon.conf:%lu:\"%s\n",
	GC_OPT_FLAG_DEFAULT, filename_esc);
	xfree (filename_esc);
	xfree (filename);

	es_printf ("verbose:%lu:\n"
	"quiet:%lu:\n"
	"debug-level:%lu:\"none:\n"
	"log-file:%lu:\n",
	GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE,
	GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE,
	GC_OPT_FLAG_DEFAULT,
	GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE );

	es_printf ("reader-port:%lu:\n", GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE );
	es_printf ("ctapi-driver:%lu:\n", GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE );
	es_printf ("pcsc-driver:%lu:\"%s:\n",
	GC_OPT_FLAG_DEFAULT, DEFAULT_PCSC_DRIVER );
	#ifdef HAVE_LIBUSB
	es_printf ("disable-ccid:%lu:\n", GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE );
	#endif
	es_printf ("deny-admin:%lu:\n", GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE );
	es_printf ("disable-keypad:%lu:\n", GC_OPT_FLAG_NONE );
	es_printf ("card-timeout:%lu:%d:\n", GC_OPT_FLAG_DEFAULT, 0);

	scd_exit (0);
	}

	/* Now start with logging to a file if this is desired. */
	if (logfile)
	{
	log_set_file (logfile);
	log_set_prefix (NULL, 1\|2\|4);
	}

	if (debug_wait && pipe_server)
	{
	log_debug ("waiting for debugger - my pid is %u .....\n",
	(unsigned int)getpid());
	gnupg_sleep (debug_wait);
	log_debug ("... okay\n");
	}

	if (pipe_server)
	{
	/* This is the simple pipe based server */
	ctrl_t ctrl;
	npth_attr_t tattr;
	int fd = -1;

	#ifndef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	{
	struct sigaction sa;

	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
	sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
	sa.sa_flags = 0;
	sigaction (SIGPIPE, &sa, NULL);
	}
	#endif

	/* If --debug-allow-core-dump has been given we also need to
	switch the working directory to a place where we can actually
	write. */
	if (allow_coredump)
	{
	if (chdir("/tmp"))
	log_debug ("chdir to '/tmp' failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
	else
	log_debug ("changed working directory to '/tmp'\n");
	}

	/* In multi server mode we need to listen on an additional
	socket. Create that socket now before starting the handler
	for the pipe connection. This allows that handler to send
	back the name of that socket. */
	if (multi_server)
	{
	socket_name = create_socket_name (standard_socket,
	"S.scdaemon",
	"gpg-XXXXXX/S.scdaemon");

	fd = FD2INT(create_server_socket (standard_socket,
	socket_name, &socket_nonce));
	}

	res = npth_attr_init (&tattr);
	if (res)
	{
	log_error ("error allocating thread attributes: %s\n",
	strerror (res));
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	npth_attr_setdetachstate (&tattr, NPTH_CREATE_DETACHED);

	ctrl = xtrycalloc (1, sizeof *ctrl);
	if ( !ctrl )
	{
	log_error ("error allocating connection control data: %s\n",
	strerror (errno) );
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	ctrl->thread_startup.fd = GNUPG_INVALID_FD;
	res = npth_create (&pipecon_handler, &tattr, start_connection_thread, ctrl);
	if (res)
	{
	log_error ("error spawning pipe connection handler: %s\n",
	strerror (res) );
	xfree (ctrl);
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	npth_setname_np (pipecon_handler, "pipe-connection");
	npth_attr_destroy (&tattr);

	/* We run handle_connection to wait for the shutdown signal and
	to run the ticker stuff. */
	handle_connections (fd);
	if (fd != -1)
	close (fd);
	}
	else if (!is_daemon)
	{
	log_info (_("please use the option '--daemon'"
	" to run the program in the background\n"));
	}
	else
	{ /* Regular server mode */
	int fd;
	#ifndef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	pid_t pid;
	int i;
	#endif

	/* Create the socket. */
	socket_name = create_socket_name (standard_socket,
	"S.scdaemon",
	"gpg-XXXXXX/S.scdaemon");

	fd = FD2INT (create_server_socket (standard_socket,
	socket_name, &socket_nonce));


	fflush (NULL);
	#ifndef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	pid = fork ();
	if (pid == (pid_t)-1)
	{
	log_fatal ("fork failed: %s\n", strerror (errno) );
	exit (1);
	}
	else if (pid)
	{ /* we are the parent */
	char *infostr;

	close (fd);

	/* create the info string: <name>:<pid>:<protocol_version> */
	if (estream_asprintf (&infostr, "SCDAEMON_INFO=%s:%lu:1",
	socket_name, (ulong) pid) < 0)
	{
	log_error ("out of core\n");
	kill (pid, SIGTERM);
	exit (1);
	}
	socket_name = 0; / don't let cleanup() remove the socket -
	the child should do this from now on */
	if (argc)
	{ /* run the program given on the commandline */
	if (putenv (infostr))
	{
	log_error ("failed to set environment: %s\n",
	strerror (errno) );
	kill (pid, SIGTERM );
	exit (1);
	}
	execvp (argv[0], argv);
	log_error ("failed to run the command: %s\n", strerror (errno));
	kill (pid, SIGTERM);
	exit (1);
	}
	else
	{
	/* Print the environment string, so that the caller can use
	shell's eval to set it */
	if (csh_style)
	{
	*strchr (infostr, '=') = ' ';
	es_printf ( "setenv %s;\n", infostr);
	}
	else
	{
	es_printf ( "%s; export SCDAEMON_INFO;\n", infostr);
	}
	xfree (infostr);
	exit (0);
	}
	/* NOTREACHED */
	} /* end parent */

	/* This is the child. */

	/* Detach from tty and put process into a new session. */
	if (!nodetach )
	{
	/* Close stdin, stdout and stderr unless it is the log stream. */
	for (i=0; i <= 2; i++)
	{
	if ( log_test_fd (i) && i != fd)
	close (i);
	}
	if (setsid() == -1)
	{
	log_error ("setsid() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno) );
	cleanup ();
	exit (1);
	}
	}

	{
	struct sigaction sa;

	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
	sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
	sa.sa_flags = 0;
	sigaction (SIGPIPE, &sa, NULL);
	}

	if (chdir("/"))
	{
	log_error ("chdir to / failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
	exit (1);
	}

	#endif /!HAVE_W32_SYSTEM/

	handle_connections (fd);

	close (fd);
	}

	return 0;
	}

	void
	scd_exit (int rc)
	{
	apdu_prepare_exit ();
	#if 0
	#warning no update_random_seed_file
	update_random_seed_file();
	#endif
	#if 0
	/* at this time a bit annoying */
	if (opt.debug & DBG_MEMSTAT_VALUE)
	{
	gcry_control( GCRYCTL_DUMP_MEMORY_STATS );
	gcry_control( GCRYCTL_DUMP_RANDOM_STATS );
	}
	if (opt.debug)
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_DUMP_SECMEM_STATS );
	#endif
	gcry_control (GCRYCTL_TERM_SECMEM );
	rc = rc? rc : log_get_errorcount(0)? 2 : 0;
	exit (rc);
	}


	static void
	scd_init_default_ctrl (ctrl_t ctrl)
	{
	(void)ctrl;
	}

	static void
	scd_deinit_default_ctrl (ctrl_t ctrl)
	{
	if (!ctrl)
	return;
	xfree (ctrl->in_data.value);
	ctrl->in_data.value = NULL;
	ctrl->in_data.valuelen = 0;
	}


	/* Return the name of the socket to be used to connect to this
	process. If no socket is available, return NULL. */
	const char *
	scd_get_socket_name ()
	{
	if (socket_name && *socket_name)
	return socket_name;
	return NULL;
	}


	static void
	handle_signal (int signo)
	{
	switch (signo)
	{
	#ifndef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	case SIGHUP:
	log_info ("SIGHUP received - "
	"re-reading configuration and resetting cards\n");
	/* reread_configuration (); */
	break;

	case SIGUSR1:
	log_info ("SIGUSR1 received - printing internal information:\n");
	/* Fixme: We need to see how to integrate pth dumping into our
	logging system. */
	/* pth_ctrl (PTH_CTRL_DUMPSTATE, log_get_stream ()); */
	app_dump_state ();
	break;

	case SIGUSR2:
	log_info ("SIGUSR2 received - no action defined\n");
	break;

	case SIGTERM:
	if (!shutdown_pending)
	log_info ("SIGTERM received - shutting down ...\n");
	else
	log_info ("SIGTERM received - still %i running threads\n",
	active_connections);
	shutdown_pending++;
	if (shutdown_pending > 2)
	{
	log_info ("shutdown forced\n");
	log_info ("%s %s stopped\n", strusage(11), strusage(13) );
	cleanup ();
	scd_exit (0);
	}
	break;

	case SIGINT:
	log_info ("SIGINT received - immediate shutdown\n");
	log_info( "%s %s stopped\n", strusage(11), strusage(13));
	cleanup ();
	scd_exit (0);
	break;
	#endif /!HAVE_W32_SYSTEM/

	default:
	log_info ("signal %d received - no action defined\n", signo);
	}
	}


	static void
	handle_tick (void)
	{
	if (!ticker_disabled)
	scd_update_reader_status_file ();
	}


	/* Create a name for the socket. With USE_STANDARD_SOCKET given as
	true using STANDARD_NAME in the home directory or if given has
	false from the mkdir type name TEMPLATE. In the latter case a
	unique name in a unique new directory will be created. In both
	cases check for valid characters as well as against a maximum
	allowed length for a unix domain socket is done. The function
	terminates the process in case of an error. Retunrs: Pointer to an
	allcoated string with the absolute name of the socket used. */
	static char *
	create_socket_name (int use_standard_socket,
	char standard_name, char template)
	{
	char name, p;

	if (use_standard_socket)
	name = make_filename (opt.homedir, standard_name, NULL);
	else
	{
	/* Prepend the tmp directory to the template. */
	p = getenv ("TMPDIR");
	if (!p \|\| !*p)
	p = "/tmp";
	if (p[strlen (p) - 1] == '/')
	name = xstrconcat (p, template, NULL);
	else
	name = xstrconcat (p, "/", template, NULL);

	p = strrchr (name, '/');
	if (!p)
	BUG ();
	*p = 0;
	if (!mkdtemp (name))
	{
	log_error (_("can't create directory '%s': %s\n"),
	name, strerror (errno));
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	*p = '/';
	}

	if (strchr (name, PATHSEP_C))
	{
	log_error (("'%s' are not allowed in the socket name\n"), PATHSEP_S);
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	if (strlen (name) + 1 >= DIMof (struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) )
	{
	log_error (_("name of socket too long\n"));
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	return name;
	}



	/* Create a Unix domain socket with NAME. IS_STANDARD_NAME indicates
	whether a non-random socket is used. Returns the file descriptor
	or terminates the process in case of an error. */
	static gnupg_fd_t
	create_server_socket (int is_standard_name, const char *name,
	assuan_sock_nonce_t *nonce)
	{
	struct sockaddr_un *serv_addr;
	socklen_t len;
	gnupg_fd_t fd;
	int rc;

	fd = assuan_sock_new (AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (fd == GNUPG_INVALID_FD)
	{
	log_error (_("can't create socket: %s\n"), strerror (errno));
	scd_exit (2);
	}

	serv_addr = xmalloc (sizeof (*serv_addr));
	memset (serv_addr, 0, sizeof *serv_addr);
	serv_addr->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
	assert (strlen (name) + 1 < sizeof (serv_addr->sun_path));
	strcpy (serv_addr->sun_path, name);
	len = SUN_LEN (serv_addr);

	rc = assuan_sock_bind (fd, (struct sockaddr*) serv_addr, len);
	if (is_standard_name && rc == -1 && errno == EADDRINUSE)
	{
	remove (name);
	rc = assuan_sock_bind (fd, (struct sockaddr*) serv_addr, len);
	}
	if (rc != -1
	&& (rc=assuan_sock_get_nonce ((struct sockaddr*)serv_addr, len, nonce)))
	log_error (_("error getting nonce for the socket\n"));
	if (rc == -1)
	{
	log_error (_("error binding socket to '%s': %s\n"),
	serv_addr->sun_path,
	gpg_strerror (gpg_error_from_syserror ()));
	assuan_sock_close (fd);
	scd_exit (2);
	}

	if (listen (FD2INT(fd), 5 ) == -1)
	{
	log_error (_("listen() failed: %s\n"),
	gpg_strerror (gpg_error_from_syserror ()));
	assuan_sock_close (fd);
	scd_exit (2);
	}

	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info (_("listening on socket '%s'\n"), serv_addr->sun_path);

	return fd;
	}



	/* This is the standard connection thread's main function. */
	static void *
	start_connection_thread (void *arg)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = arg;

	if (ctrl->thread_startup.fd != GNUPG_INVALID_FD
	&& assuan_sock_check_nonce (ctrl->thread_startup.fd, &socket_nonce))
	{
	log_info (_("error reading nonce on fd %d: %s\n"),
	FD2INT(ctrl->thread_startup.fd), strerror (errno));
	assuan_sock_close (ctrl->thread_startup.fd);
	xfree (ctrl);
	return NULL;
	}

	scd_init_default_ctrl (ctrl);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info (_("handler for fd %d started\n"),
	FD2INT(ctrl->thread_startup.fd));

	/* If this is a pipe server, we request a shutdown if the command
	handler asked for it. With the next ticker event and given that
	no other connections are running the shutdown will then
	happen. */
	if (scd_command_handler (ctrl, FD2INT(ctrl->thread_startup.fd))
	&& pipe_server)
	shutdown_pending = 1;

	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info (_("handler for fd %d terminated\n"),
	FD2INT (ctrl->thread_startup.fd));

	scd_deinit_default_ctrl (ctrl);
	xfree (ctrl);
	return NULL;
	}


	/* Connection handler loop. Wait for connection requests and spawn a
	thread after accepting a connection. LISTEN_FD is allowed to be -1
	in which case this code will only do regular timeouts and handle
	signals. */
	static void
	handle_connections (int listen_fd)
	{
	npth_attr_t tattr;
	int signo;
	struct sockaddr_un paddr;
	socklen_t plen;
	fd_set fdset, read_fdset;
	int ret;
	int fd;
	int nfd;
	struct timespec abstime;
	struct timespec curtime;
	struct timespec timeout;
	int saved_errno;

	ret = npth_attr_init(&tattr);
	/* FIXME: Check error. */
	npth_attr_setdetachstate (&tattr, NPTH_CREATE_DETACHED);

	#ifndef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	npth_sigev_init ();
	npth_sigev_add (SIGHUP);
	npth_sigev_add (SIGUSR1);
	npth_sigev_add (SIGUSR2);
	npth_sigev_add (SIGINT);
	npth_sigev_add (SIGTERM);
	npth_sigev_fini ();
	#endif

	FD_ZERO (&fdset);
	nfd = 0;
	if (listen_fd != -1)
	{
	FD_SET (listen_fd, &fdset);
	nfd = listen_fd;
	}

	npth_clock_gettime (&curtime);
	timeout.tv_sec = TIMERTICK_INTERVAL_SEC;
	timeout.tv_nsec = TIMERTICK_INTERVAL_USEC * 1000;
	npth_timeradd (&curtime, &timeout, &abstime);
	/* We only require abstime here. The others will be reused. */

	for (;;)
	{
	if (shutdown_pending)
	{
	if (active_connections == 0)
	break; /* ready */

	/* Do not accept anymore connections but wait for existing
	connections to terminate. We do this by clearing out all
	file descriptors to wait for, so that the select will be
	used to just wait on a signal or timeout event. */
	FD_ZERO (&fdset);
	listen_fd = -1;
	}

	npth_clock_gettime (&curtime);
	if (!(npth_timercmp (&curtime, &abstime, <)))
	{
	/* Timeout. */
	handle_tick ();
	timeout.tv_sec = TIMERTICK_INTERVAL_SEC;
	timeout.tv_nsec = TIMERTICK_INTERVAL_USEC * 1000;
	npth_timeradd (&curtime, &timeout, &abstime);
	}
	npth_timersub (&abstime, &curtime, &timeout);

	/* POSIX says that fd_set should be implemented as a structure,
	thus a simple assignment is fine to copy the entire set. */
	read_fdset = fdset;

	#ifndef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	ret = npth_pselect (nfd+1, &read_fdset, NULL, NULL, &timeout, npth_sigev_sigmask());
	saved_errno = errno;

	while (npth_sigev_get_pending(&signo))
	handle_signal (signo);
	#else
	ret = npth_eselect (nfd+1, &read_fdset, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL, NULL);
	saved_errno = errno;
	#endif

	if (ret == -1 && saved_errno != EINTR)
	{
	log_error (_("npth_pselect failed: %s - waiting 1s\n"),
	strerror (saved_errno));
	npth_sleep (1);
	continue;
	}

	if (ret <= 0)
	/* Timeout. Will be handled when calculating the next timeout. */
	continue;

	if (listen_fd != -1 && FD_ISSET (listen_fd, &read_fdset))
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl;

	plen = sizeof paddr;
	fd = npth_accept (listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&paddr, &plen);
	if (fd == -1)
	{
	log_error ("accept failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
	}
	else if ( !(ctrl = xtrycalloc (1, sizeof *ctrl)) )
	{
	log_error ("error allocating connection control data: %s\n",
	strerror (errno) );
	close (fd);
	}
	else
	{
	char threadname[50];
	npth_t thread;

	snprintf (threadname, sizeof threadname-1, "conn fd=%d", fd);
	threadname[sizeof threadname -1] = 0;
	ctrl->thread_startup.fd = INT2FD (fd);
	ret = npth_create (&thread, &tattr, start_connection_thread, ctrl);
	if (ret)
	{
	log_error ("error spawning connection handler: %s\n",
	strerror (ret));
	xfree (ctrl);
	close (fd);
	}
	else
	npth_setname_np (thread, threadname);
	}
	fd = -1;
	}
	}

	cleanup ();
	log_info (_("%s %s stopped\n"), strusage(11), strusage(13));
	npth_attr_destroy (&tattr);
	}

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