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	diff --git a/scd/app.c b/scd/app.c
	index 88a38010d..b10a452d6 100644
	--- a/scd/app.c
	+++ b/scd/app.c
	@@ -1,1111 +1,1110 @@
	/* app.c - Application selection.
	* Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	*
	* This file is part of GnuPG.
	*
	* GnuPG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* GnuPG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	* along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	*/

	#include <config.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <npth.h>

	#include "scdaemon.h"
	#include "exechelp.h"
	#include "app-common.h"
	#include "iso7816.h"
	#include "apdu.h"
	#include "tlv.h"

	static npth_mutex_t app_list_lock;
	static app_t app_top;

	static void
	print_progress_line (void opaque, const char what, int pc, int cur, int tot)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = opaque;
	char line[100];

	if (ctrl)
	{
	snprintf (line, sizeof line, "%s %c %d %d", what, pc, cur, tot);
	send_status_direct (ctrl, "PROGRESS", line);
	}
	}


	/* Lock the reader SLOT. This function shall be used right before
	calling any of the actual application functions to serialize access
	to the reader. We do this always even if the reader is not
	actually used. This allows an actual connection to assume that it
	never shares a reader (while performing one command). Returns 0 on
	success; only then the unlock_reader function must be called after
	returning from the handler. */
	static gpg_error_t
	lock_app (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl)
	{
	if (npth_mutex_lock (&app->lock))
	{
	gpg_error_t err = gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	log_error ("failed to acquire APP lock for %p: %s\n",
	app, gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}

	apdu_set_progress_cb (app->slot, print_progress_line, ctrl);

	return 0;
	}

	/* Release a lock on the reader. See lock_reader(). */
	static void
	unlock_app (app_t app)
	{
	apdu_set_progress_cb (app->slot, NULL, NULL);

	if (npth_mutex_unlock (&app->lock))
	{
	gpg_error_t err = gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	log_error ("failed to release APP lock for %p: %s\n",
	app, gpg_strerror (err));
	}
	}


	/* This function may be called to print information pertaining to the
	current state of this module to the log. */
	void
	app_dump_state (void)
	{
	app_t a;

	npth_mutex_lock (&app_list_lock);
	for (a = app_top; a; a = a->next)
	log_info ("app_dump_state: app=%p type='%s'\n", a, a->apptype);
	npth_mutex_unlock (&app_list_lock);
	}

	/* Check wether the application NAME is allowed. This does not mean
	we have support for it though. */
	static int
	is_app_allowed (const char *name)
	{
	strlist_t l;

	for (l=opt.disabled_applications; l; l = l->next)
	if (!strcmp (l->d, name))
	return 0; /* no */
	return 1; /* yes */
	}


	static gpg_error_t
	check_conflict (app_t app, const char *name)
	{
	if (!app \|\| !name \|\| (app->apptype && !ascii_strcasecmp (app->apptype, name)))
	return 0;

	log_info ("application '%s' in use - can't switch\n",
	app->apptype? app->apptype : "<null>");

	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CONFLICT);
	}

	/* This function is used by the serialno command to check for an
	application conflict which may appear if the serialno command is
	used to request a specific application and the connection has
	already done a select_application. */
	gpg_error_t
	check_application_conflict (const char *name, app_t app)
	{
	return check_conflict (app, name);
	}


	static void
	release_application_internal (app_t app)
	{
	if (!app->ref_count)
	log_bug ("trying to release an already released context\n");

	--app->ref_count;
	}

	gpg_error_t
	app_reset (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, int send_reset)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;

	if (send_reset)
	{
	int sw = apdu_reset (app->slot);
	if (sw)
	err = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_RESET);

	/* Release the same application which is used by other sessions. */
	send_client_notifications (app, 1);
	}
	else
	{
	ctrl->app_ctx = NULL;
	release_application_internal (app);
	}

	unlock_app (app);
	return err;
	}

	static gpg_error_t
	app_new_register (int slot, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *name)
	{
	gpg_error_t err = 0;
	app_t app = NULL;
	unsigned char *result = NULL;
	size_t resultlen;
	int want_undefined;

	/* Need to allocate a new one. */
	app = xtrycalloc (1, sizeof *app);
	if (!app)
	{
	err = gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	log_info ("error allocating context: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}

	app->slot = slot;

	if (npth_mutex_init (&app->lock, NULL))
	{
	err = gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	log_error ("error initializing mutex: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	xfree (app);
	return err;
	}

	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	{
	xfree (app);
	return err;
	}

	want_undefined = (name && !strcmp (name, "undefined"));

	/* Try to read the GDO file first to get a default serial number.
	We skip this if the undefined application has been requested. */
	if (!want_undefined)
	{
	err = iso7816_select_file (slot, 0x3F00, 1, NULL, NULL);
	if (!err)
	err = iso7816_select_file (slot, 0x2F02, 0, NULL, NULL);
	if (!err)
	err = iso7816_read_binary (slot, 0, 0, &result, &resultlen);
	if (!err)
	{
	size_t n;
	const unsigned char *p;

	p = find_tlv_unchecked (result, resultlen, 0x5A, &n);
	if (p)
	resultlen -= (p-result);
	if (p && n > resultlen && n == 0x0d && resultlen+1 == n)
	{
	/* The object it does not fit into the buffer. This is an
	invalid encoding (or the buffer is too short. However, I
	have some test cards with such an invalid encoding and
	therefore I use this ugly workaround to return something
	I can further experiment with. */
	log_info ("enabling BMI testcard workaround\n");
	n--;
	}

	if (p && n <= resultlen)
	{
	/* The GDO file is pretty short, thus we simply reuse it for
	storing the serial number. */
	memmove (result, p, n);
	app->serialno = result;
	app->serialnolen = n;
	err = app_munge_serialno (app);
	if (err)
	goto leave;
	}
	else
	xfree (result);
	result = NULL;
	}
	}

	/* For certain error codes, there is no need to try more. */
	if (gpg_err_code (err) == GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_PRESENT
	\|\| gpg_err_code (err) == GPG_ERR_ENODEV)
	goto leave;

	/* Figure out the application to use. */
	if (want_undefined)
	{
	/* We switch to the "undefined" application only if explicitly
	requested. */
	app->apptype = "UNDEFINED";
	err = 0;
	}
	else
	err = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_NOT_FOUND);

	if (err && is_app_allowed ("openpgp")
	&& (!name \|\| !strcmp (name, "openpgp")))
	err = app_select_openpgp (app);
	if (err && is_app_allowed ("nks") && (!name \|\| !strcmp (name, "nks")))
	err = app_select_nks (app);
	if (err && is_app_allowed ("p15") && (!name \|\| !strcmp (name, "p15")))
	err = app_select_p15 (app);
	if (err && is_app_allowed ("geldkarte")
	&& (!name \|\| !strcmp (name, "geldkarte")))
	err = app_select_geldkarte (app);
	if (err && is_app_allowed ("dinsig") && (!name \|\| !strcmp (name, "dinsig")))
	err = app_select_dinsig (app);
	if (err && is_app_allowed ("sc-hsm") && (!name \|\| !strcmp (name, "sc-hsm")))
	err = app_select_sc_hsm (app);
	if (err && name && gpg_err_code (err) != GPG_ERR_OBJ_TERM_STATE)
	err = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED);

	leave:
	if (err)
	{
	if (name)
	log_info ("can't select application '%s': %s\n",
	name, gpg_strerror (err));
	else
	log_info ("no supported card application found: %s\n",
	gpg_strerror (err));
	unlock_app (app);
	xfree (app);
	return err;
	}

	app->require_get_status = 1; /* For token, this can be 0. */

	npth_mutex_lock (&app_list_lock);
	app->next = app_top;
	app_top = app;
	npth_mutex_unlock (&app_list_lock);
	unlock_app (app);
	return 0;
	}

	/* If called with NAME as NULL, select the best fitting application
	and return a context; otherwise select the application with NAME
	and return a context. Returns an error code and stores NULL at
	R_APP if no application was found or no card is present. */
	gpg_error_t
	select_application (ctrl_t ctrl, const char name, app_t r_app,
	int scan, const unsigned char *serialno_bin,
	size_t serialno_bin_len)
	{
	gpg_error_t err = 0;
	app_t a;

	*r_app = NULL;

	if (scan \|\| !app_top)
	{
	struct dev_list *l;

	err = apdu_dev_list_start (opt.reader_port, &l);
	if (err)
	return err;

	while (1)
	{
	int slot;
	int sw;

	slot = apdu_open_reader (l);
	if (slot < 0)
	break;

	err = 0;
	sw = apdu_connect (slot);

	if (sw == SW_HOST_CARD_INACTIVE)
	{
	/* Try again. */
	sw = apdu_reset (slot);
	}

	if (!sw \|\| sw == SW_HOST_ALREADY_CONNECTED)
	err = 0;
	else if (sw == SW_HOST_NO_CARD)
	err = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_PRESENT);
	else
	err = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_ENODEV);

	if (!err)
	err = app_new_register (slot, ctrl, name);
	else
	{
	/* We close a reader with no card. */
	apdu_close_reader (slot);
	}
	}

	apdu_dev_list_finish (l);
	}

	npth_mutex_lock (&app_list_lock);
	for (a = app_top; a; a = a->next)
	{
	lock_app (a, ctrl);
	if (serialno_bin == NULL)
	break;
	if (a->serialnolen == serialno_bin_len
	&& !memcmp (a->serialno, serialno_bin, a->serialnolen))
	break;
	unlock_app (a);
	}

	if (a)
	{
	err = check_conflict (a, name);
	if (!err)
	{
	a->ref_count++;
	*r_app = a;
	}
	unlock_app (a);
	}
	else
	err = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_ENODEV);

	npth_mutex_unlock (&app_list_lock);

	return err;
	}


	char *
	get_supported_applications (void)
	{
	const char *list[] = {
	"openpgp",
	"nks",
	"p15",
	"geldkarte",
	"dinsig",
	"sc-hsm",
	/* Note: "undefined" is not listed here because it needs special
	treatment by the client. */
	NULL
	};
	int idx;
	size_t nbytes;
	char buffer, p;

	for (nbytes=1, idx=0; list[idx]; idx++)
	nbytes += strlen (list[idx]) + 1 + 1;

	buffer = xtrymalloc (nbytes);
	if (!buffer)
	return NULL;

	for (p=buffer, idx=0; list[idx]; idx++)
	if (is_app_allowed (list[idx]))
	p = stpcpy (stpcpy (p, list[idx]), ":\n");
	*p = 0;

	return buffer;
	}


	/* Deallocate the application. */
	static void
	deallocate_app (app_t app)
	{
	app_t a, a_prev = NULL;

	for (a = app_top; a; a = a->next)
	if (a == app)
	{
	if (a_prev == NULL)
	app_top = a->next;
	else
	a_prev->next = a->next;
	break;
	}
	else
	a_prev = a;

	if (app->ref_count)
	log_error ("trying to release context used yet (%d)\n", app->ref_count);

	if (app->fnc.deinit)
	{
	app->fnc.deinit (app);
	app->fnc.deinit = NULL;
	}

	xfree (app->serialno);
	xfree (app);
	}

	/* Free the resources associated with the application APP. APP is
	allowed to be NULL in which case this is a no-op. Note that we are
	using reference counting to track the users of the application and
	actually deferring the deallocation to allow for a later reuse by
	a new connection. */
	void
	release_application (app_t app)
	{
	if (!app)
	return;

	/* We don't deallocate app here. Instead, we keep it. This is
	useful so that a card does not get reset even if only one session
	is using the card - this way the PIN cache and other cached data
	are preserved. */

	lock_app (app, NULL);
	release_application_internal (app);
	unlock_app (app);
	}



	/* The serial number may need some cosmetics. Do it here. This
	function shall only be called once after a new serial number has
	been put into APP->serialno.

	Prefixes we use:

	FF 00 00 = For serial numbers starting with an FF
	FF 01 00 = Some german p15 cards return an empty serial number so the
	serial number from the EF(TokenInfo) is used instead.
	FF 7F 00 = No serialno.

	All other serial number not starting with FF are used as they are.
	*/
	gpg_error_t
	app_munge_serialno (app_t app)
	{
	if (app->serialnolen && app->serialno[0] == 0xff)
	{
	/* The serial number starts with our special prefix. This
	requires that we put our default prefix "FF0000" in front. */
	unsigned char *p = xtrymalloc (app->serialnolen + 3);
	if (!p)
	return gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	memcpy (p, "\xff\0", 3);
	memcpy (p+3, app->serialno, app->serialnolen);
	app->serialnolen += 3;
	xfree (app->serialno);
	app->serialno = p;
	}
	else if (!app->serialnolen)
	{
	unsigned char *p = xtrymalloc (3);
	if (!p)
	return gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	memcpy (p, "\xff\x7f", 3);
	app->serialnolen = 3;
	xfree (app->serialno);
	app->serialno = p;
	}
	return 0;
	}



	/* Retrieve the serial number of the card. The serial number is
	returned as a malloced string (hex encoded) in SERIAL. Caller must
	free SERIAL unless the function returns an error. */
	char *
	app_get_serialno (app_t app)
	{
	char *serial;

	if (!app)
	return NULL;

	if (!app->serialnolen)
	serial = xtrystrdup ("FF7F00");
	else
	serial = bin2hex (app->serialno, app->serialnolen, NULL);

	return serial;
	}


	/* Write out the application specifig status lines for the LEARN
	command. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_write_learn_status (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, unsigned int flags)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->fnc.learn_status)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	/* We do not send APPTYPE if only keypairinfo is requested. */
	if (app->apptype && !(flags & 1))
	send_status_direct (ctrl, "APPTYPE", app->apptype);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.learn_status (app, ctrl, flags);
	unlock_app (app);
	return err;
	}


	/* Read the certificate with id CERTID (as returned by learn_status in
	the CERTINFO status lines) and return it in the freshly allocated
	buffer put into CERT and the length of the certificate put into
	CERTLEN. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_readcert (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *certid,
	unsigned char *cert, size_t certlen)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.readcert)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.readcert (app, certid, cert, certlen);
	unlock_app (app);
	return err;
	}


	/* Read the key with ID KEYID. On success a canonical encoded
	S-expression with the public key will get stored at PK and its
	length (for assertions) at PKLEN; the caller must release that
	buffer. On error NULL will be stored at PK and PKLEN and an error
	code returned.

	This function might not be supported by all applications. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_readkey (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, int advanced, const char *keyid,
	unsigned char *pk, size_t pklen)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (pk)
	*pk = NULL;
	if (pklen)
	*pklen = 0;

	if (!app \|\| !keyid \|\| !pk \|\| !pklen)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.readkey)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err= app->fnc.readkey (app, advanced, keyid, pk, pklen);
	unlock_app (app);
	return err;
	}


	/* Perform a GETATTR operation. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_getattr (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *name)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !name \|\| !*name)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);

	if (app->apptype && name && !strcmp (name, "APPTYPE"))
	{
	send_status_direct (ctrl, "APPTYPE", app->apptype);
	return 0;
	}
	if (name && !strcmp (name, "SERIALNO"))
	{
	char *serial;

	serial = app_get_serialno (app);
	if (!serial)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);

	send_status_direct (ctrl, "SERIALNO", serial);
	xfree (serial);
	return 0;
	}

	if (!app->fnc.getattr)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.getattr (app, ctrl, name);
	unlock_app (app);
	return err;
	}

	/* Perform a SETATTR operation. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_setattr (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *name,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg,
	const unsigned char *value, size_t valuelen)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !name \|\| !*name \|\| !value)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.setattr)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.setattr (app, name, pincb, pincb_arg, value, valuelen);
	unlock_app (app);
	return err;
	}

	/* Create the signature and return the allocated result in OUTDATA.
	If a PIN is required the PINCB will be used to ask for the PIN; it
	should return the PIN in an allocated buffer and put it into PIN. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_sign (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *keyidstr, int hashalgo,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg,
	const void *indata, size_t indatalen,
	unsigned char *outdata, size_t outdatalen )
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !indata \|\| !indatalen \|\| !outdata \|\| !outdatalen \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.sign)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.sign (app, keyidstr, hashalgo,
	pincb, pincb_arg,
	indata, indatalen,
	outdata, outdatalen);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation sign result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}

	/* Create the signature using the INTERNAL AUTHENTICATE command and
	return the allocated result in OUTDATA. If a PIN is required the
	PINCB will be used to ask for the PIN; it should return the PIN in
	an allocated buffer and put it into PIN. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_auth (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *keyidstr,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg,
	const void *indata, size_t indatalen,
	unsigned char *outdata, size_t outdatalen )
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !indata \|\| !indatalen \|\| !outdata \|\| !outdatalen \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.auth)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.auth (app, keyidstr,
	pincb, pincb_arg,
	indata, indatalen,
	outdata, outdatalen);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation auth result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}


	/* Decrypt the data in INDATA and return the allocated result in OUTDATA.
	If a PIN is required the PINCB will be used to ask for the PIN; it
	should return the PIN in an allocated buffer and put it into PIN. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_decipher (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *keyidstr,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg,
	const void *indata, size_t indatalen,
	unsigned char *outdata, size_t outdatalen,
	unsigned int *r_info)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	*r_info = 0;

	if (!app \|\| !indata \|\| !indatalen \|\| !outdata \|\| !outdatalen \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.decipher)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.decipher (app, keyidstr,
	pincb, pincb_arg,
	indata, indatalen,
	outdata, outdatalen,
	r_info);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation decipher result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}


	/* Perform the WRITECERT operation. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_writecert (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl,
	const char *certidstr,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg,
	const unsigned char *data, size_t datalen)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !certidstr \|\| !*certidstr \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.writecert)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.writecert (app, ctrl, certidstr,
	pincb, pincb_arg, data, datalen);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation writecert result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}


	/* Perform the WRITEKEY operation. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_writekey (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl,
	const char *keyidstr, unsigned int flags,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg,
	const unsigned char *keydata, size_t keydatalen)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !keyidstr \|\| !*keyidstr \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.writekey)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.writekey (app, ctrl, keyidstr, flags,
	pincb, pincb_arg, keydata, keydatalen);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation writekey result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}


	/* Perform a SETATTR operation. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_genkey (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *keynostr, unsigned int flags,
	time_t createtime,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !keynostr \|\| !*keynostr \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.genkey)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.genkey (app, ctrl, keynostr, flags,
	createtime, pincb, pincb_arg);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation genkey result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}


	/* Perform a GET CHALLENGE operation. This function is special as it
	directly accesses the card without any application specific
	wrapper. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_get_challenge (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, size_t nbytes, unsigned char *buffer)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !nbytes \|\| !buffer)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = iso7816_get_challenge (app->slot, nbytes, buffer);
	unlock_app (app);
	return err;
	}



	/* Perform a CHANGE REFERENCE DATA or RESET RETRY COUNTER operation. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_change_pin (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *chvnostr, int reset_mode,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !chvnostr \|\| !*chvnostr \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.change_pin)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.change_pin (app, ctrl, chvnostr, reset_mode,
	pincb, pincb_arg);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation change_pin result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}


	/* Perform a VERIFY operation without doing anything lese. This may
	be used to initialze a the PIN cache for long lasting other
	operations. Its use is highly application dependent. */
	gpg_error_t
	app_check_pin (app_t app, ctrl_t ctrl, const char *keyidstr,
	gpg_error_t (pincb)(void, const char , char *),
	void *pincb_arg)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (!app \|\| !keyidstr \|\| !*keyidstr \|\| !pincb)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
	if (!app->ref_count)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_INITIALIZED);
	if (!app->fnc.check_pin)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
	err = lock_app (app, ctrl);
	if (err)
	return err;
	err = app->fnc.check_pin (app, keyidstr, pincb, pincb_arg);
	unlock_app (app);
	if (opt.verbose)
	log_info ("operation check_pin result: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}

	static void
	report_change (int slot, int old_status, int cur_status)
	{
	char homestr, envstr;
	char *fname;
	char templ[50];
	FILE *fp;

	snprintf (templ, sizeof templ, "reader_%d.status", slot);
	fname = make_filename (gnupg_homedir (), templ, NULL );
	fp = fopen (fname, "w");
	if (fp)
	{
	fprintf (fp, "%s\n",
	(cur_status & 1)? "USABLE":
	(cur_status & 4)? "ACTIVE":
	(cur_status & 2)? "PRESENT": "NOCARD");
	fclose (fp);
	}
	xfree (fname);

	homestr = make_filename (gnupg_homedir (), NULL);
	if (gpgrt_asprintf (&envstr, "GNUPGHOME=%s", homestr) < 0)
	log_error ("out of core while building environment\n");
	else
	{
	gpg_error_t err;
	const char args[9], envs[2];
	char numbuf1[30], numbuf2[30], numbuf3[30];

	envs[0] = envstr;
	envs[1] = NULL;

	sprintf (numbuf1, "%d", slot);
	sprintf (numbuf2, "0x%04X", old_status);
	sprintf (numbuf3, "0x%04X", cur_status);
	args[0] = "--reader-port";
	args[1] = numbuf1;
	args[2] = "--old-code";
	args[3] = numbuf2;
	args[4] = "--new-code";
	args[5] = numbuf3;
	args[6] = "--status";
	args[7] = ((cur_status & 1)? "USABLE":
	(cur_status & 4)? "ACTIVE":
	(cur_status & 2)? "PRESENT": "NOCARD");
	args[8] = NULL;

	fname = make_filename (gnupg_homedir (), "scd-event", NULL);
	err = gnupg_spawn_process_detached (fname, args, envs);
	if (err && gpg_err_code (err) != GPG_ERR_ENOENT)
	log_error ("failed to run event handler '%s': %s\n",
	fname, gpg_strerror (err));
	xfree (fname);
	xfree (envstr);
	}
	xfree (homestr);
	}

	void
	scd_update_reader_status_file (void)
	{
	app_t a, app_next;

	npth_mutex_lock (&app_list_lock);
	for (a = app_top; a; a = app_next)
	{
	app_next = a->next;
	if (a->require_get_status)
	{
	int sw;
	unsigned int status;
	sw = apdu_get_status (a->slot, 0, &status);

	if (sw == SW_HOST_NO_READER)
	{
	/* Most likely the _reader_ has been unplugged. */
	status = 0;
	}
	else if (sw)
	{
	/* Get status failed. Ignore that. */
	continue;
	}

	if (a->card_status != status)
	{
	report_change (a->slot, a->card_status, status);
	send_client_notifications (a, status == 0);

	if (status == 0)
	{
	log_debug ("Removal of a card: %d\n", a->slot);
	apdu_close_reader (a->slot);
	- release_application_internal (a);
	deallocate_app (a);
	}
	else
	a->card_status = status;
	}
	}
	}
	npth_mutex_unlock (&app_list_lock);
	}

	/* This function must be called once to initialize this module. This
	has to be done before a second thread is spawned. We can't do the
	static initialization because Pth emulation code might not be able
	to do a static init; in particular, it is not possible for W32. */
	gpg_error_t
	initialize_module_command (void)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;

	if (npth_mutex_init (&app_list_lock, NULL))
	{
	err = gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	log_error ("app: error initializing mutex: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err));
	return err;
	}

	return apdu_init ();
	}

	app_t
	app_list_start (void)
	{
	npth_mutex_lock (&app_list_lock);
	return app_top;
	}

	void
	app_list_finish (void)
	{
	npth_mutex_unlock (&app_list_lock);
	}

	void
	app_send_card_list (ctrl_t ctrl)
	{
	app_t a;
	char buf[65];

	npth_mutex_lock (&app_list_lock);
	for (a = app_top; a; a = a->next)
	{
	if (DIM (buf) < 2 * a->serialnolen + 1)
	continue;

	bin2hex (a->serialno, a->serialnolen, buf);
	send_status_direct (ctrl, "SERIALNO", buf);
	}
	npth_mutex_unlock (&app_list_lock);
	}
	diff --git a/scd/command.c b/scd/command.c
	index 8c7ca20a6..26f8630fb 100644
	--- a/scd/command.c
	+++ b/scd/command.c
	@@ -1,1975 +1,1975 @@
	/* command.c - SCdaemon command handler
	* Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
	* 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	*
	* This file is part of GnuPG.
	*
	* GnuPG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* GnuPG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	* along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	*/

	#include <config.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <ctype.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#ifdef USE_NPTH
	# include <npth.h>
	#endif

	#include "scdaemon.h"
	#include <assuan.h>
	#include <ksba.h>
	#include "app-common.h"
	#include "iso7816.h"
	#include "apdu.h" /* Required for apdu__reader (). /
	#include "atr.h"
	#ifdef HAVE_LIBUSB
	#include "ccid-driver.h"
	#endif
	#include "asshelp.h"
	#include "server-help.h"

	/* Maximum length allowed as a PIN; used for INQUIRE NEEDPIN */
	#define MAXLEN_PIN 100

	/* Maximum allowed size of key data as used in inquiries. */
	#define MAXLEN_KEYDATA 4096

	/* Maximum allowed total data size for SETDATA. */
	#define MAXLEN_SETDATA 4096

	/* Maximum allowed size of certificate data as used in inquiries. */
	#define MAXLEN_CERTDATA 16384


	#define set_error(e,t) assuan_set_error (ctx, gpg_error (e), (t))

	#define IS_LOCKED(c) (locked_session && locked_session != (c)->server_local)


	/* Data used to associate an Assuan context with local server data.
	This object describes the local properties of one session. */
	struct server_local_s
	{
	/* We keep a list of all active sessions with the anchor at
	SESSION_LIST (see below). This field is used for linking. */
	struct server_local_s *next_session;

	/* This object is usually assigned to a CTRL object (which is
	globally visible). While enumerating all sessions we sometimes
	need to access data of the CTRL object; thus we keep a
	backpointer here. */
	ctrl_t ctrl_backlink;

	/* The Assuan context used by this session/server. */
	assuan_context_t assuan_ctx;

	#ifdef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	unsigned long event_signal; /* Or 0 if not used. */
	#else
	int event_signal; /* Or 0 if not used. */
	#endif

	/* True if the card has been removed and a reset is required to
	continue operation. */
	int card_removed;

	/* If set to true we will be terminate ourself at the end of the
	this session. */
	int stopme;

	};


	/* To keep track of all running sessions, we link all active server
	contexts and the anchor in this variable. */
	static struct server_local_s *session_list;

	/* If a session has been locked we store a link to its server object
	in this variable. */
	static struct server_local_s *locked_session;


	/* Convert the STRING into a newly allocated buffer while translating
	the hex numbers. Stops at the first invalid character. Blanks and
	colons are allowed to separate the hex digits. Returns NULL on
	error or a newly malloced buffer and its length in LENGTH. */
	static unsigned char *
	hex_to_buffer (const char string, size_t r_length)
	{
	unsigned char *buffer;
	const char *s;
	size_t n;

	buffer = xtrymalloc (strlen (string)+1);
	if (!buffer)
	return NULL;
	for (s=string, n=0; *s; s++)
	{
	if (spacep (s) \|\| *s == ':')
	continue;
	if (hexdigitp (s) && hexdigitp (s+1))
	{
	buffer[n++] = xtoi_2 (s);
	s++;
	}
	else
	break;
	}
	*r_length = n;
	return buffer;
	}



	/* Reset the card and free the application context. With SEND_RESET
	set to true actually send a RESET to the reader; this is the normal
	way of calling the function. */
	static void
	do_reset (ctrl_t ctrl, int send_reset)
	{
	app_t app = ctrl->app_ctx;

	if (app)
	app_reset (app, ctrl, IS_LOCKED (ctrl)? 0: send_reset);

	/* If we hold a lock, unlock now. */
	if (locked_session && ctrl->server_local == locked_session)
	{
	locked_session = NULL;
	log_info ("implicitly unlocking due to RESET\n");
	}
	}

	static gpg_error_t
	reset_notify (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);

	(void) line;

	do_reset (ctrl, 1);
	return 0;
	}


	static gpg_error_t
	option_handler (assuan_context_t ctx, const char key, const char value)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);

	if (!strcmp (key, "event-signal"))
	{
	/* A value of 0 is allowed to reset the event signal. */
	#ifdef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	if (!*value)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER);
	ctrl->server_local->event_signal = strtoul (value, NULL, 16);
	#else
	int i = *value? atoi (value) : -1;
	if (i < 0)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER);
	ctrl->server_local->event_signal = i;
	#endif
	}

	return 0;
	}


	/* If the card has not yet been opened, do it. */
	static gpg_error_t
	open_card (ctrl_t ctrl)
	{
	/* If we ever got a card not present error code, return that. Only
	the SERIALNO command and a reset are able to clear from that
	state. */
	if (ctrl->server_local->card_removed)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_REMOVED);

	if ( IS_LOCKED (ctrl) )
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_LOCKED);

	if (ctrl->app_ctx)
	return 0;

	return select_application (ctrl, NULL, &ctrl->app_ctx, 0, NULL, 0);
	}

	/* Explicitly open a card for a specific use of APPTYPE or SERIALNO. */
	static gpg_error_t
	open_card_with_request (ctrl_t ctrl, const char apptype, const char serialno)
	{
	gpg_error_t err;
	unsigned char *serialno_bin = NULL;
	size_t serialno_bin_len = 0;

	/* If we are already initialized for one specific application we
	need to check that the client didn't requested a specific
	application different from the one in use before we continue. */
	- if (apptype && ctrl->app_ctx)
	+ if (ctrl->app_ctx)
	return check_application_conflict (apptype, ctrl->app_ctx);

	if (serialno)
	serialno_bin = hex_to_buffer (serialno, &serialno_bin_len);

	err = select_application (ctrl, apptype, &ctrl->app_ctx, 1,
	serialno_bin, serialno_bin_len);
	xfree (serialno_bin);

	return err;
	}


	static const char hlp_serialno[] =
	"SERIALNO [--demand=<serialno>] [<apptype>]\n"
	"\n"
	"Return the serial number of the card using a status response. This\n"
	"function should be used to check for the presence of a card.\n"
	"\n"
	"If --demand is given, an application on the card with SERIALNO is\n"
	"selected and an error is returned if no such card available.\n"
	"\n"
	"If APPTYPE is given, an application of that type is selected and an\n"
	"error is returned if the application is not supported or available.\n"
	"The default is to auto-select the application using a hardwired\n"
	"preference system. Note, that a future extension to this function\n"
	"may enable specifying a list and order of applications to try.\n"
	"\n"
	"This function is special in that it can be used to reset the card.\n"
	"Most other functions will return an error when a card change has\n"
	"been detected and the use of this function is therefore required.\n"
	"\n"
	"Background: We want to keep the client clear of handling card\n"
	"changes between operations; i.e. the client can assume that all\n"
	"operations are done on the same card unless he calls this function.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_serialno (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	struct server_local_s *sl;
	int rc = 0;
	char *serial;
	const char *demand;

	if ( IS_LOCKED (ctrl) )
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_LOCKED);

	if ((demand = has_option_name (line, "--demand")))
	{
	if (*demand != '=')
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "missing value for option");
	line = (char *)++demand;
	for (; *line && !spacep (line); line++)
	;
	if (*line)
	*line++ = 0;
	}
	else
	demand = NULL;

	/* Clear the remove flag so that the open_card is able to reread it. */
	if (ctrl->server_local->card_removed)
	ctrl->server_local->card_removed = 0;

	if ((rc = open_card_with_request (ctrl, *line? line:NULL, demand)))
	{
	ctrl->server_local->card_removed = 1;
	return rc;
	}

	/* Success, clear the card_removed flag for all sessions. */
	for (sl=session_list; sl; sl = sl->next_session)
	{
	ctrl_t c = sl->ctrl_backlink;

	if (c != ctrl)
	c->server_local->card_removed = 0;
	}

	serial = app_get_serialno (ctrl->app_ctx);
	if (!serial)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);

	rc = assuan_write_status (ctx, "SERIALNO", serial);
	xfree (serial);
	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_learn[] =
	"LEARN [--force] [--keypairinfo]\n"
	"\n"
	"Learn all useful information of the currently inserted card. When\n"
	"used without the force options, the command might do an INQUIRE\n"
	"like this:\n"
	"\n"
	" INQUIRE KNOWNCARDP <hexstring_with_serialNumber>\n"
	"\n"
	"The client should just send an \"END\" if the processing should go on\n"
	"or a \"CANCEL\" to force the function to terminate with a Cancel\n"
	"error message.\n"
	"\n"
	"With the option --keypairinfo only KEYPARIINFO lstatus lines are\n"
	"returned.\n"
	"\n"
	"The response of this command is a list of status lines formatted as\n"
	"this:\n"
	"\n"
	" S APPTYPE <apptype>\n"
	"\n"
	"This returns the type of the application, currently the strings:\n"
	"\n"
	" P15 = PKCS-15 structure used\n"
	" DINSIG = DIN SIG\n"
	" OPENPGP = OpenPGP card\n"
	" NKS = NetKey card\n"
	"\n"
	"are implemented. These strings are aliases for the AID\n"
	"\n"
	" S KEYPAIRINFO <hexstring_with_keygrip> <hexstring_with_id>\n"
	"\n"
	"If there is no certificate yet stored on the card a single 'X' is\n"
	"returned as the keygrip. In addition to the keypair info, information\n"
	"about all certificates stored on the card is also returned:\n"
	"\n"
	" S CERTINFO <certtype> <hexstring_with_id>\n"
	"\n"
	"Where CERTTYPE is a number indicating the type of certificate:\n"
	" 0 := Unknown\n"
	" 100 := Regular X.509 cert\n"
	" 101 := Trusted X.509 cert\n"
	" 102 := Useful X.509 cert\n"
	" 110 := Root CA cert in a special format (e.g. DINSIG)\n"
	" 111 := Root CA cert as standard X509 cert.\n"
	"\n"
	"For certain cards, more information will be returned:\n"
	"\n"
	" S KEY-FPR <no> <hexstring>\n"
	"\n"
	"For OpenPGP cards this returns the stored fingerprints of the\n"
	"keys. This can be used check whether a key is available on the\n"
	"card. NO may be 1, 2 or 3.\n"
	"\n"
	" S CA-FPR <no> <hexstring>\n"
	"\n"
	"Similar to above, these are the fingerprints of keys assumed to be\n"
	"ultimately trusted.\n"
	"\n"
	" S DISP-NAME <name_of_card_holder>\n"
	"\n"
	"The name of the card holder as stored on the card; percent\n"
	"escaping takes place, spaces are encoded as '+'\n"
	"\n"
	" S PUBKEY-URL <url>\n"
	"\n"
	"The URL to be used for locating the entire public key.\n"
	" \n"
	"Note, that this function may even be used on a locked card.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_learn (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc = 0;
	int only_keypairinfo = has_option (line, "--keypairinfo");

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	/* Unless the force option is used we try a shortcut by identifying
	the card using a serial number and inquiring the client with
	that. The client may choose to cancel the operation if he already
	knows about this card */
	if (!only_keypairinfo)
	{
	const char *reader;
	char *serial;
	app_t app = ctrl->app_ctx;

	if (!app)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_PRESENT);

	reader = apdu_get_reader_name (app->slot);
	if (!reader)
	return out_of_core ();
	send_status_direct (ctrl, "READER", reader);
	/* No need to free the string of READER. */

	serial = app_get_serialno (ctrl->app_ctx);
	if (!serial)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);

	rc = assuan_write_status (ctx, "SERIALNO", serial);
	if (rc < 0)
	{
	xfree (serial);
	return out_of_core ();
	}

	if (!has_option (line, "--force"))
	{
	char *command;

	rc = gpgrt_asprintf (&command, "KNOWNCARDP %s", serial);
	if (rc < 0)
	{
	xfree (serial);
	return out_of_core ();
	}
	rc = assuan_inquire (ctx, command, NULL, NULL, 0);
	xfree (command);
	if (rc)
	{
	if (gpg_err_code (rc) != GPG_ERR_ASS_CANCELED)
	log_error ("inquire KNOWNCARDP failed: %s\n",
	gpg_strerror (rc));
	xfree (serial);
	return rc;
	}
	/* Not canceled, so we have to proceeed. */
	}
	xfree (serial);
	}

	/* Let the application print out its collection of useful status
	information. */
	if (!rc)
	rc = app_write_learn_status (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, only_keypairinfo);

	return rc;
	}



	static const char hlp_readcert[] =
	"READCERT <hexified_certid>\|<keyid>\n"
	"\n"
	"Note, that this function may even be used on a locked card.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_readcert (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	unsigned char *cert;
	size_t ncert;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	line = xstrdup (line); /* Need a copy of the line. */
	rc = app_readcert (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, line, &cert, &ncert);
	if (rc)
	log_error ("app_readcert failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	xfree (line);
	line = NULL;
	if (!rc)
	{
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, cert, ncert);
	xfree (cert);
	if (rc)
	return rc;
	}

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_readkey[] =
	"READKEY [--advanced] <keyid>\n"
	"\n"
	"Return the public key for the given cert or key ID as a standard\n"
	"S-expression.\n"
	"In --advanced mode it returns the S-expression in advanced format.\n"
	"\n"
	"Note that this function may even be used on a locked card.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_readkey (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	int advanced = 0;
	unsigned char *cert = NULL;
	size_t ncert, n;
	ksba_cert_t kc = NULL;
	ksba_sexp_t p;
	unsigned char *pk;
	size_t pklen;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (has_option (line, "--advanced"))
	advanced = 1;

	line = skip_options (line);

	line = xstrdup (line); /* Need a copy of the line. */
	/* If the application supports the READKEY function we use that.
	Otherwise we use the old way by extracting it from the
	certificate. */
	rc = app_readkey (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, advanced, line, &pk, &pklen);
	if (!rc)
	{ /* Yeah, got that key - send it back. */
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, pk, pklen);
	xfree (pk);
	xfree (line);
	line = NULL;
	goto leave;
	}

	if (gpg_err_code (rc) != GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)
	log_error ("app_readkey failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	else
	{
	rc = app_readcert (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, line, &cert, &ncert);
	if (rc)
	log_error ("app_readcert failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	}
	xfree (line);
	line = NULL;
	if (rc)
	goto leave;

	rc = ksba_cert_new (&kc);
	if (rc)
	goto leave;

	rc = ksba_cert_init_from_mem (kc, cert, ncert);
	if (rc)
	{
	log_error ("failed to parse the certificate: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	goto leave;
	}

	p = ksba_cert_get_public_key (kc);
	if (!p)
	{
	rc = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_NO_PUBKEY);
	goto leave;
	}

	n = gcry_sexp_canon_len (p, 0, NULL, NULL);
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, p, n);
	xfree (p);


	leave:
	ksba_cert_release (kc);
	xfree (cert);
	return rc;
	}



	static const char hlp_setdata[] =
	"SETDATA [--append] <hexstring>\n"
	"\n"
	"The client should use this command to tell us the data he want to sign.\n"
	"With the option --append, the data is appended to the data set by a\n"
	"previous SETDATA command.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_setdata (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int append;
	int n, i, off;
	char *p;
	unsigned char *buf;

	append = (ctrl->in_data.value && has_option (line, "--append"));

	line = skip_options (line);

	if (locked_session && locked_session != ctrl->server_local)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_LOCKED);

	/* Parse the hexstring. */
	for (p=line,n=0; hexdigitp (p); p++, n++)
	;
	if (*p)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "invalid hexstring");
	if (!n)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "no data given");
	if ((n&1))
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "odd number of digits");
	n /= 2;
	if (append)
	{
	if (ctrl->in_data.valuelen + n > MAXLEN_SETDATA)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_TOO_LARGE,
	"limit on total size of data reached");
	buf = xtrymalloc (ctrl->in_data.valuelen + n);
	}
	else
	buf = xtrymalloc (n);
	if (!buf)
	return out_of_core ();

	if (append)
	{
	memcpy (buf, ctrl->in_data.value, ctrl->in_data.valuelen);
	off = ctrl->in_data.valuelen;
	}
	else
	off = 0;
	for (p=line, i=0; i < n; p += 2, i++)
	buf[off+i] = xtoi_2 (p);

	xfree (ctrl->in_data.value);
	ctrl->in_data.value = buf;
	ctrl->in_data.valuelen = off+n;
	return 0;
	}



	static gpg_error_t
	pin_cb (void opaque, const char info, char **retstr)
	{
	assuan_context_t ctx = opaque;
	char *command;
	int rc;
	unsigned char *value;
	size_t valuelen;

	if (!retstr)
	{
	/* We prompt for pinpad entry. To make sure that the popup has
	been show we use an inquire and not just a status message.
	We ignore any value returned. */
	if (info)
	{
	log_debug ("prompting for pinpad entry '%s'\n", info);
	rc = gpgrt_asprintf (&command, "POPUPPINPADPROMPT %s", info);
	if (rc < 0)
	return gpg_error (gpg_err_code_from_errno (errno));
	rc = assuan_inquire (ctx, command, &value, &valuelen, MAXLEN_PIN);
	xfree (command);
	}
	else
	{
	log_debug ("dismiss pinpad entry prompt\n");
	rc = assuan_inquire (ctx, "DISMISSPINPADPROMPT",
	&value, &valuelen, MAXLEN_PIN);
	}
	if (!rc)
	xfree (value);
	return rc;
	}

	*retstr = NULL;
	log_debug ("asking for PIN '%s'\n", info);

	rc = gpgrt_asprintf (&command, "NEEDPIN %s", info);
	if (rc < 0)
	return gpg_error (gpg_err_code_from_errno (errno));

	/* Fixme: Write an inquire function which returns the result in
	secure memory and check all further handling of the PIN. */
	rc = assuan_inquire (ctx, command, &value, &valuelen, MAXLEN_PIN);
	xfree (command);
	if (rc)
	return rc;

	if (!valuelen \|\| value[valuelen-1])
	{
	/* We require that the returned value is an UTF-8 string */
	xfree (value);
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_RESPONSE);
	}
	retstr = (char)value;
	return 0;
	}


	static const char hlp_pksign[] =
	"PKSIGN [--hash=[rmd160\|sha{1,224,256,384,512}\|md5]] <hexified_id>\n"
	"\n"
	"The --hash option is optional; the default is SHA1.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_pksign (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	unsigned char *outdata;
	size_t outdatalen;
	char *keyidstr;
	int hash_algo;

	if (has_option (line, "--hash=rmd160"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_RMD160;
	else if (has_option (line, "--hash=sha1"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_SHA1;
	else if (has_option (line, "--hash=sha224"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_SHA224;
	else if (has_option (line, "--hash=sha256"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_SHA256;
	else if (has_option (line, "--hash=sha384"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_SHA384;
	else if (has_option (line, "--hash=sha512"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_SHA512;
	else if (has_option (line, "--hash=md5"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_MD5;
	else if (!strstr (line, "--"))
	hash_algo = GCRY_MD_SHA1;
	else
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "invalid hash algorithm");

	line = skip_options (line);

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	/* We have to use a copy of the key ID because the function may use
	the pin_cb which in turn uses the assuan line buffer and thus
	overwriting the original line with the keyid */
	keyidstr = xtrystrdup (line);
	if (!keyidstr)
	return out_of_core ();

	rc = app_sign (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl,
	keyidstr, hash_algo,
	pin_cb, ctx,
	ctrl->in_data.value, ctrl->in_data.valuelen,
	&outdata, &outdatalen);

	xfree (keyidstr);
	if (rc)
	{
	log_error ("app_sign failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	}
	else
	{
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, outdata, outdatalen);
	xfree (outdata);
	if (rc)
	return rc; /* that is already an assuan error code */
	}

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_pkauth[] =
	"PKAUTH <hexified_id>";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_pkauth (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	unsigned char *outdata;
	size_t outdatalen;
	char *keyidstr;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	/* We have to use a copy of the key ID because the function may use
	the pin_cb which in turn uses the assuan line buffer and thus
	overwriting the original line with the keyid */
	keyidstr = xtrystrdup (line);
	if (!keyidstr)
	return out_of_core ();

	rc = app_auth (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, keyidstr, pin_cb, ctx,
	ctrl->in_data.value, ctrl->in_data.valuelen,
	&outdata, &outdatalen);
	xfree (keyidstr);
	if (rc)
	{
	log_error ("app_auth failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	}
	else
	{
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, outdata, outdatalen);
	xfree (outdata);
	if (rc)
	return rc; /* that is already an assuan error code */
	}

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_pkdecrypt[] =
	"PKDECRYPT <hexified_id>";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_pkdecrypt (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	unsigned char *outdata;
	size_t outdatalen;
	char *keyidstr;
	unsigned int infoflags;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	keyidstr = xtrystrdup (line);
	if (!keyidstr)
	return out_of_core ();
	rc = app_decipher (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, keyidstr, pin_cb, ctx,
	ctrl->in_data.value, ctrl->in_data.valuelen,
	&outdata, &outdatalen, &infoflags);

	xfree (keyidstr);
	if (rc)
	{
	log_error ("app_decipher failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	}
	else
	{
	/* If the card driver told us that there is no padding, send a
	status line. If there is a padding it is assumed that the
	caller knows what padding is used. It would have been better
	to always send that information but for backward
	compatibility we can't do that. */
	if ((infoflags & APP_DECIPHER_INFO_NOPAD))
	send_status_direct (ctrl, "PADDING", "0");
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, outdata, outdatalen);
	xfree (outdata);
	if (rc)
	return rc; /* that is already an assuan error code */
	}

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_getattr[] =
	"GETATTR <name>\n"
	"\n"
	"This command is used to retrieve data from a smartcard. The\n"
	"allowed names depend on the currently selected smartcard\n"
	"application. NAME must be percent and '+' escaped. The value is\n"
	"returned through status message, see the LEARN command for details.\n"
	"\n"
	"However, the current implementation assumes that Name is not escaped;\n"
	"this works as long as no one uses arbitrary escaping. \n"
	"\n"
	"Note, that this function may even be used on a locked card.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_getattr (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	const char *keyword;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	keyword = line;
	for (; *line && !spacep (line); line++)
	;
	if (*line)
	*line++ = 0;

	/* (We ignore any garbage for now.) */

	/* FIXME: Applications should not return sensitive data if the card
	is locked. */
	rc = app_getattr (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, keyword);

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_setattr[] =
	"SETATTR <name> <value> \n"
	"\n"
	"This command is used to store data on a a smartcard. The allowed\n"
	"names and values are depend on the currently selected smartcard\n"
	"application. NAME and VALUE must be percent and '+' escaped.\n"
	"\n"
	"However, the current implementation assumes that NAME is not\n"
	"escaped; this works as long as no one uses arbitrary escaping.\n"
	"\n"
	"A PIN will be requested for most NAMEs. See the corresponding\n"
	"setattr function of the actually used application (app-*.c) for\n"
	"details.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_setattr (assuan_context_t ctx, char *orig_line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	char *keyword;
	int keywordlen;
	size_t nbytes;
	char line, linebuf;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	/* We need to use a copy of LINE, because PIN_CB uses the same
	context and thus reuses the Assuan provided LINE. */
	line = linebuf = xtrystrdup (orig_line);
	if (!line)
	return out_of_core ();

	keyword = line;
	for (keywordlen=0; *line && !spacep (line); line++, keywordlen++)
	;
	if (*line)
	*line++ = 0;
	while (spacep (line))
	line++;
	nbytes = percent_plus_unescape_inplace (line, 0);

	rc = app_setattr (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, keyword, pin_cb, ctx,
	(const unsigned char*)line, nbytes);
	xfree (linebuf);

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_writecert[] =
	"WRITECERT <hexified_certid>\n"
	"\n"
	"This command is used to store a certifciate on a smartcard. The\n"
	"allowed certids depend on the currently selected smartcard\n"
	"application. The actual certifciate is requested using the inquiry\n"
	"\"CERTDATA\" and needs to be provided in its raw (e.g. DER) form.\n"
	"\n"
	"In almost all cases a a PIN will be requested. See the related\n"
	"writecert function of the actually used application (app-*.c) for\n"
	"details.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_writecert (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	char *certid;
	unsigned char *certdata;
	size_t certdatalen;

	line = skip_options (line);

	if (!*line)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "no certid given");
	certid = line;
	while (*line && !spacep (line))
	line++;
	*line = 0;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	certid = xtrystrdup (certid);
	if (!certid)
	return out_of_core ();

	/* Now get the actual keydata. */
	rc = assuan_inquire (ctx, "CERTDATA",
	&certdata, &certdatalen, MAXLEN_CERTDATA);
	if (rc)
	{
	xfree (certid);
	return rc;
	}

	/* Write the certificate to the card. */
	rc = app_writecert (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, certid,
	pin_cb, ctx, certdata, certdatalen);
	xfree (certid);
	xfree (certdata);

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_writekey[] =
	"WRITEKEY [--force] <keyid> \n"
	"\n"
	"This command is used to store a secret key on a a smartcard. The\n"
	"allowed keyids depend on the currently selected smartcard\n"
	"application. The actual keydata is requested using the inquiry\n"
	"\"KEYDATA\" and need to be provided without any protection. With\n"
	"--force set an existing key under this KEYID will get overwritten.\n"
	"The keydata is expected to be the usual canonical encoded\n"
	"S-expression.\n"
	"\n"
	"A PIN will be requested for most NAMEs. See the corresponding\n"
	"writekey function of the actually used application (app-*.c) for\n"
	"details.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_writekey (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	char *keyid;
	int force = has_option (line, "--force");
	unsigned char *keydata;
	size_t keydatalen;

	line = skip_options (line);

	if (!*line)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "no keyid given");
	keyid = line;
	while (*line && !spacep (line))
	line++;
	*line = 0;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	keyid = xtrystrdup (keyid);
	if (!keyid)
	return out_of_core ();

	/* Now get the actual keydata. */
	assuan_begin_confidential (ctx);
	rc = assuan_inquire (ctx, "KEYDATA", &keydata, &keydatalen, MAXLEN_KEYDATA);
	assuan_end_confidential (ctx);
	if (rc)
	{
	xfree (keyid);
	return rc;
	}

	/* Write the key to the card. */
	rc = app_writekey (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, keyid, force? 1:0,
	pin_cb, ctx, keydata, keydatalen);
	xfree (keyid);
	xfree (keydata);

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_genkey[] =
	"GENKEY [--force] [--timestamp=<isodate>] <no>\n"
	"\n"
	"Generate a key on-card identified by NO, which is application\n"
	"specific. Return values are application specific. For OpenPGP\n"
	"cards 3 status lines are returned:\n"
	"\n"
	" S KEY-FPR <hexstring>\n"
	" S KEY-CREATED-AT <seconds_since_epoch>\n"
	" S KEY-DATA [-\|p\|n] <hexdata>\n"
	"\n"
	" 'p' and 'n' are the names of the RSA parameters; '-' is used to\n"
	" indicate that HEXDATA is the first chunk of a parameter given\n"
	" by the next KEY-DATA.\n"
	"\n"
	"--force is required to overwrite an already existing key. The\n"
	"KEY-CREATED-AT is required for further processing because it is\n"
	"part of the hashed key material for the fingerprint.\n"
	"\n"
	"If --timestamp is given an OpenPGP key will be created using this\n"
	"value. The value needs to be in ISO Format; e.g.\n"
	"\"--timestamp=20030316T120000\" and after 1970-01-01 00:00:00.\n"
	"\n"
	"The public part of the key can also later be retrieved using the\n"
	"READKEY command.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_genkey (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	char *keyno;
	int force;
	const char *s;
	time_t timestamp;

	force = has_option (line, "--force");

	if ((s=has_option_name (line, "--timestamp")))
	{
	if (*s != '=')
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "missing value for option");
	timestamp = isotime2epoch (s+1);
	if (timestamp < 1)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "invalid time value");
	}
	else
	timestamp = 0;


	line = skip_options (line);
	if (!*line)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "no key number given");
	keyno = line;
	while (*line && !spacep (line))
	line++;
	*line = 0;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	keyno = xtrystrdup (keyno);
	if (!keyno)
	return out_of_core ();
	rc = app_genkey (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, keyno, force? 1:0,
	timestamp, pin_cb, ctx);
	xfree (keyno);

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_random[] =
	"RANDOM <nbytes>\n"
	"\n"
	"Get NBYTES of random from the card and send them back as data.\n"
	"This usually involves EEPROM write on the card and thus excessive\n"
	"use of this command may destroy the card.\n"
	"\n"
	"Note, that this function may be even be used on a locked card.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_random (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	size_t nbytes;
	unsigned char *buffer;

	if (!*line)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER,
	"number of requested bytes missing");
	nbytes = strtoul (line, NULL, 0);

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	buffer = xtrymalloc (nbytes);
	if (!buffer)
	return out_of_core ();

	rc = app_get_challenge (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, nbytes, buffer);
	if (!rc)
	{
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, buffer, nbytes);
	xfree (buffer);
	return rc; /* that is already an assuan error code */
	}
	xfree (buffer);

	return rc;
	}



	static const char hlp_passwd[] =
	"PASSWD [--reset] [--nullpin] <chvno>\n"
	"\n"
	"Change the PIN or, if --reset is given, reset the retry counter of\n"
	"the card holder verification vector CHVNO. The option --nullpin is\n"
	"used for TCOS cards to set the initial PIN. The format of CHVNO\n"
	"depends on the card application.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_passwd (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	char *chvnostr;
	unsigned int flags = 0;

	if (has_option (line, "--reset"))
	flags \|= APP_CHANGE_FLAG_RESET;
	if (has_option (line, "--nullpin"))
	flags \|= APP_CHANGE_FLAG_NULLPIN;

	line = skip_options (line);

	if (!*line)
	return set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "no CHV number given");
	chvnostr = line;
	while (*line && !spacep (line))
	line++;
	*line = 0;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	chvnostr = xtrystrdup (chvnostr);
	if (!chvnostr)
	return out_of_core ();
	rc = app_change_pin (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, chvnostr, flags, pin_cb, ctx);
	if (rc)
	log_error ("command passwd failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	xfree (chvnostr);

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_checkpin[] =
	"CHECKPIN <idstr>\n"
	"\n"
	"Perform a VERIFY operation without doing anything else. This may\n"
	"be used to initialize a the PIN cache earlier to long lasting\n"
	"operations. Its use is highly application dependent.\n"
	"\n"
	"For OpenPGP:\n"
	"\n"
	" Perform a simple verify operation for CHV1 and CHV2, so that\n"
	" further operations won't ask for CHV2 and it is possible to do a\n"
	" cheap check on the PIN: If there is something wrong with the PIN\n"
	" entry system, only the regular CHV will get blocked and not the\n"
	" dangerous CHV3. IDSTR is the usual card's serial number in hex\n"
	" notation; an optional fingerprint part will get ignored. There\n"
	" is however a special mode if the IDSTR is sffixed with the\n"
	" literal string \"[CHV3]\": In this case the Admin PIN is checked\n"
	" if and only if the retry counter is still at 3.\n"
	"\n"
	"For Netkey:\n"
	"\n"
	" Any of the valid PIN Ids may be used. These are the strings:\n"
	"\n"
	" PW1.CH - Global password 1\n"
	" PW2.CH - Global password 2\n"
	" PW1.CH.SIG - SigG password 1\n"
	" PW2.CH.SIG - SigG password 2\n"
	"\n"
	" For a definitive list, see the implementation in app-nks.c.\n"
	" Note that we call a PW2.* PIN a \"PUK\" despite that since TCOS\n"
	" 3.0 they are technically alternative PINs used to mutally\n"
	" unblock each other.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_checkpin (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc;
	char *idstr;

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	/* We have to use a copy of the key ID because the function may use
	the pin_cb which in turn uses the assuan line buffer and thus
	overwriting the original line with the keyid. */
	idstr = xtrystrdup (line);
	if (!idstr)
	return out_of_core ();

	rc = app_check_pin (ctrl->app_ctx, ctrl, idstr, pin_cb, ctx);
	xfree (idstr);
	if (rc)
	log_error ("app_check_pin failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));

	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_lock[] =
	"LOCK [--wait]\n"
	"\n"
	"Grant exclusive card access to this session. Note that there is\n"
	"no lock counter used and a second lock from the same session will\n"
	"be ignored. A single unlock (or RESET) unlocks the session.\n"
	"Return GPG_ERR_LOCKED if another session has locked the reader.\n"
	"\n"
	"If the option --wait is given the command will wait until a\n"
	"lock has been released.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_lock (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc = 0;

	retry:
	if (locked_session)
	{
	if (locked_session != ctrl->server_local)
	rc = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_LOCKED);
	}
	else
	locked_session = ctrl->server_local;

	#ifdef USE_NPTH
	if (rc && has_option (line, "--wait"))
	{
	rc = 0;
	npth_sleep (1); /* Better implement an event mechanism. However,
	for card operations this should be
	sufficient. */
	/* FIXME: Need to check that the connection is still alive.
	This can be done by issuing status messages. */
	goto retry;
	}
	#endif /USE_NPTH/

	if (rc)
	log_error ("cmd_lock failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_unlock[] =
	"UNLOCK\n"
	"\n"
	"Release exclusive card access.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_unlock (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	int rc = 0;

	(void)line;

	if (locked_session)
	{
	if (locked_session != ctrl->server_local)
	rc = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_LOCKED);
	else
	locked_session = NULL;
	}
	else
	rc = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_NOT_LOCKED);

	if (rc)
	log_error ("cmd_unlock failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_getinfo[] =
	"GETINFO <what>\n"
	"\n"
	"Multi purpose command to return certain information. \n"
	"Supported values of WHAT are:\n"
	"\n"
	"version - Return the version of the program.\n"
	"pid - Return the process id of the server.\n"
	"\n"
	"socket_name - Return the name of the socket.\n"
	"\n"
	"status - Return the status of the current reader (in the future, may\n"
	"also return the status of all readers). The status is a list of\n"
	"one-character flags. The following flags are currently defined:\n"
	" 'u' Usable card present. This is the normal state during operation.\n"
	" 'r' Card removed. A reset is necessary.\n"
	"These flags are exclusive.\n"
	"\n"
	"reader_list - Return a list of detected card readers. Does\n"
	" currently only work with the internal CCID driver.\n"
	"\n"
	"deny_admin - Returns OK if admin commands are not allowed or\n"
	" GPG_ERR_GENERAL if admin commands are allowed.\n"
	"\n"
	"app_list - Return a list of supported applications. One\n"
	" application per line, fields delimited by colons,\n"
	" first field is the name.\n"
	"\n"
	"card_list - Return a list of serial numbers of active cards,\n"
	" using a status response.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_getinfo (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	int rc = 0;

	if (!strcmp (line, "version"))
	{
	const char *s = VERSION;
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, s, strlen (s));
	}
	else if (!strcmp (line, "pid"))
	{
	char numbuf[50];

	snprintf (numbuf, sizeof numbuf, "%lu", (unsigned long)getpid ());
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, numbuf, strlen (numbuf));
	}
	else if (!strcmp (line, "socket_name"))
	{
	const char *s = scd_get_socket_name ();

	if (s)
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, s, strlen (s));
	else
	rc = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_NO_DATA);
	}
	else if (!strcmp (line, "status"))
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	char flag;

	if (open_card (ctrl))
	flag = 'r';
	else
	flag = 'u';

	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, &flag, 1);
	}
	else if (!strcmp (line, "reader_list"))
	{
	#ifdef HAVE_LIBUSB
	char *s = ccid_get_reader_list ();
	#else
	char *s = NULL;
	#endif

	if (s)
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, s, strlen (s));
	else
	rc = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_NO_DATA);
	xfree (s);
	}
	else if (!strcmp (line, "deny_admin"))
	rc = opt.allow_admin? gpg_error (GPG_ERR_GENERAL) : 0;
	else if (!strcmp (line, "app_list"))
	{
	char *s = get_supported_applications ();
	if (s)
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, s, strlen (s));
	else
	rc = 0;
	xfree (s);
	}
	else if (!strcmp (line, "card_list"))
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);

	app_send_card_list (ctrl);
	}
	else
	rc = set_error (GPG_ERR_ASS_PARAMETER, "unknown value for WHAT");
	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_restart[] =
	"RESTART\n"
	"\n"
	"Restart the current connection; this is a kind of warm reset. It\n"
	"deletes the context used by this connection but does not send a\n"
	"RESET to the card. Thus the card itself won't get reset. \n"
	"\n"
	"This is used by gpg-agent to reuse a primary pipe connection and\n"
	"may be used by clients to backup from a conflict in the serial\n"
	"command; i.e. to select another application.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_restart (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	app_t app = ctrl->app_ctx;

	(void)line;

	if (app)
	{
	ctrl->app_ctx = NULL;
	release_application (app);
	}
	if (locked_session && ctrl->server_local == locked_session)
	{
	locked_session = NULL;
	log_info ("implicitly unlocking due to RESTART\n");
	}
	return 0;
	}


	static const char hlp_disconnect[] =
	"DISCONNECT\n"
	"\n"
	"Disconnect the card if the backend supports a disconnect operation.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_disconnect (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);

	(void)line;

	if (!ctrl->app_ctx)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);

	apdu_disconnect (ctrl->app_ctx->slot);
	return 0;
	}



	static const char hlp_apdu[] =
	"APDU [--[dump-]atr] [--more] [--exlen[=N]] [hexstring]\n"
	"\n"
	"Send an APDU to the current reader. This command bypasses the high\n"
	"level functions and sends the data directly to the card. HEXSTRING\n"
	"is expected to be a proper APDU. If HEXSTRING is not given no\n"
	"commands are set to the card but the command will implictly check\n"
	"whether the card is ready for use. \n"
	"\n"
	"Using the option \"--atr\" returns the ATR of the card as a status\n"
	"message before any data like this:\n"
	" S CARD-ATR 3BFA1300FF813180450031C173C00100009000B1\n"
	"\n"
	"Using the option --more handles the card status word MORE_DATA\n"
	"(61xx) and concatenates all responses to one block.\n"
	"\n"
	"Using the option \"--exlen\" the returned APDU may use extended\n"
	"length up to N bytes. If N is not given a default value is used\n"
	"(currently 4096).";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_apdu (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);
	app_t app;
	int rc;
	unsigned char *apdu;
	size_t apdulen;
	int with_atr;
	int handle_more;
	const char *s;
	size_t exlen;

	if (has_option (line, "--dump-atr"))
	with_atr = 2;
	else
	with_atr = has_option (line, "--atr");
	handle_more = has_option (line, "--more");

	if ((s=has_option_name (line, "--exlen")))
	{
	if (*s == '=')
	exlen = strtoul (s+1, NULL, 0);
	else
	exlen = 4096;
	}
	else
	exlen = 0;

	line = skip_options (line);

	if ((rc = open_card (ctrl)))
	return rc;

	app = ctrl->app_ctx;
	if (!app)
	return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_PRESENT);

	if (with_atr)
	{
	unsigned char *atr;
	size_t atrlen;
	char hexbuf[400];

	atr = apdu_get_atr (app->slot, &atrlen);
	if (!atr \|\| atrlen > sizeof hexbuf - 2 )
	{
	rc = gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_CARD);
	goto leave;
	}
	if (with_atr == 2)
	{
	char string, p, *pend;

	string = atr_dump (atr, atrlen);
	if (string)
	{
	for (rc=0, p=string; !rc && (pend = strchr (p, '\n')); p = pend+1)
	{
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, p, pend - p + 1);
	if (!rc)
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, NULL, 0);
	}
	if (!rc && *p)
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, p, strlen (p));
	es_free (string);
	if (rc)
	goto leave;
	}
	}
	else
	{
	bin2hex (atr, atrlen, hexbuf);
	send_status_info (ctrl, "CARD-ATR", hexbuf, strlen (hexbuf), NULL, 0);
	}
	xfree (atr);
	}

	apdu = hex_to_buffer (line, &apdulen);
	if (!apdu)
	{
	rc = gpg_error_from_syserror ();
	goto leave;
	}
	if (apdulen)
	{
	unsigned char *result = NULL;
	size_t resultlen;

	rc = apdu_send_direct (app->slot, exlen,
	apdu, apdulen, handle_more,
	&result, &resultlen);
	if (rc)
	log_error ("apdu_send_direct failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	else
	{
	rc = assuan_send_data (ctx, result, resultlen);
	xfree (result);
	}
	}
	xfree (apdu);

	leave:
	return rc;
	}


	static const char hlp_killscd[] =
	"KILLSCD\n"
	"\n"
	"Commit suicide.";
	static gpg_error_t
	cmd_killscd (assuan_context_t ctx, char *line)
	{
	ctrl_t ctrl = assuan_get_pointer (ctx);

	(void)line;

	ctrl->server_local->stopme = 1;
	assuan_set_flag (ctx, ASSUAN_FORCE_CLOSE, 1);
	return 0;
	}



	/* Tell the assuan library about our commands */
	static int
	register_commands (assuan_context_t ctx)
	{
	static struct {
	const char *name;
	assuan_handler_t handler;
	const char * const help;
	} table[] = {
	{ "SERIALNO", cmd_serialno, hlp_serialno },
	{ "LEARN", cmd_learn, hlp_learn },
	{ "READCERT", cmd_readcert, hlp_readcert },
	{ "READKEY", cmd_readkey, hlp_readkey },
	{ "SETDATA", cmd_setdata, hlp_setdata },
	{ "PKSIGN", cmd_pksign, hlp_pksign },
	{ "PKAUTH", cmd_pkauth, hlp_pkauth },
	{ "PKDECRYPT", cmd_pkdecrypt,hlp_pkdecrypt },
	{ "INPUT", NULL },
	{ "OUTPUT", NULL },
	{ "GETATTR", cmd_getattr, hlp_getattr },
	{ "SETATTR", cmd_setattr, hlp_setattr },
	{ "WRITECERT", cmd_writecert,hlp_writecert },
	{ "WRITEKEY", cmd_writekey, hlp_writekey },
	{ "GENKEY", cmd_genkey, hlp_genkey },
	{ "RANDOM", cmd_random, hlp_random },
	{ "PASSWD", cmd_passwd, hlp_passwd },
	{ "CHECKPIN", cmd_checkpin, hlp_checkpin },
	{ "LOCK", cmd_lock, hlp_lock },
	{ "UNLOCK", cmd_unlock, hlp_unlock },
	{ "GETINFO", cmd_getinfo, hlp_getinfo },
	{ "RESTART", cmd_restart, hlp_restart },
	{ "DISCONNECT", cmd_disconnect,hlp_disconnect },
	{ "APDU", cmd_apdu, hlp_apdu },
	{ "KILLSCD", cmd_killscd, hlp_killscd },
	{ NULL }
	};
	int i, rc;

	for (i=0; table[i].name; i++)
	{
	rc = assuan_register_command (ctx, table[i].name, table[i].handler,
	table[i].help);
	if (rc)
	return rc;
	}
	assuan_set_hello_line (ctx, "GNU Privacy Guard's Smartcard server ready");

	assuan_register_reset_notify (ctx, reset_notify);
	assuan_register_option_handler (ctx, option_handler);
	return 0;
	}


	/* Startup the server. If FD is given as -1 this is simple pipe
	server, otherwise it is a regular server. Returns true if there
	are no more active asessions. */
	int
	scd_command_handler (ctrl_t ctrl, int fd)
	{
	int rc;
	assuan_context_t ctx = NULL;
	int stopme;

	rc = assuan_new (&ctx);
	if (rc)
	{
	log_error ("failed to allocate assuan context: %s\n",
	gpg_strerror (rc));
	scd_exit (2);
	}

	if (fd == -1)
	{
	assuan_fd_t filedes[2];

	filedes[0] = assuan_fdopen (0);
	filedes[1] = assuan_fdopen (1);
	rc = assuan_init_pipe_server (ctx, filedes);
	}
	else
	{
	rc = assuan_init_socket_server (ctx, INT2FD(fd),
	ASSUAN_SOCKET_SERVER_ACCEPTED);
	}
	if (rc)
	{
	log_error ("failed to initialize the server: %s\n",
	gpg_strerror(rc));
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	rc = register_commands (ctx);
	if (rc)
	{
	log_error ("failed to register commands with Assuan: %s\n",
	gpg_strerror(rc));
	scd_exit (2);
	}
	assuan_set_pointer (ctx, ctrl);

	/* Allocate and initialize the server object. Put it into the list
	of active sessions. */
	ctrl->server_local = xcalloc (1, sizeof *ctrl->server_local);
	ctrl->server_local->next_session = session_list;
	session_list = ctrl->server_local;
	ctrl->server_local->ctrl_backlink = ctrl;
	ctrl->server_local->assuan_ctx = ctx;

	/* Command processing loop. */
	for (;;)
	{
	rc = assuan_accept (ctx);
	if (rc == -1)
	{
	break;
	}
	else if (rc)
	{
	log_info ("Assuan accept problem: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	break;
	}

	rc = assuan_process (ctx);
	if (rc)
	{
	log_info ("Assuan processing failed: %s\n", gpg_strerror (rc));
	continue;
	}
	}

	/* Cleanup. We don't send an explicit reset to the card. */
	do_reset (ctrl, 0);

	/* Release the server object. */
	if (session_list == ctrl->server_local)
	session_list = ctrl->server_local->next_session;
	else
	{
	struct server_local_s *sl;

	for (sl=session_list; sl->next_session; sl = sl->next_session)
	if (sl->next_session == ctrl->server_local)
	break;
	if (!sl->next_session)
	BUG ();
	sl->next_session = ctrl->server_local->next_session;
	}
	stopme = ctrl->server_local->stopme;
	xfree (ctrl->server_local);
	ctrl->server_local = NULL;

	/* Release the Assuan context. */
	assuan_release (ctx);

	if (stopme)
	scd_exit (0);

	/* If there are no more sessions return true. */
	return !session_list;
	}


	/* Send a line with status information via assuan and escape all given
	buffers. The variable elements are pairs of (char *, size_t),
	terminated with a (NULL, 0). */
	void
	send_status_info (ctrl_t ctrl, const char *keyword, ...)
	{
	va_list arg_ptr;
	const unsigned char *value;
	size_t valuelen;
	char buf[950], *p;
	size_t n;
	assuan_context_t ctx = ctrl->server_local->assuan_ctx;

	va_start (arg_ptr, keyword);

	p = buf;
	n = 0;
	while ( (value = va_arg (arg_ptr, const unsigned char *)) )
	{
	valuelen = va_arg (arg_ptr, size_t);
	if (!valuelen)
	continue; /* empty buffer */
	if (n)
	{
	*p++ = ' ';
	n++;
	}
	for ( ; valuelen && n < DIM (buf)-2; n++, valuelen--, value++)
	{
	if (value == '+' \|\| value == '\"' \|\| *value == '%'
	\|\| *value < ' ')
	{
	sprintf (p, "%%%02X", *value);
	p += 3;
	}
	else if (*value == ' ')
	*p++ = '+';
	else
	p++ = value;
	}
	}
	*p = 0;
	assuan_write_status (ctx, keyword, buf);

	va_end (arg_ptr);
	}


	/* Send a ready formatted status line via assuan. */
	void
	send_status_direct (ctrl_t ctrl, const char keyword, const char args)
	{
	assuan_context_t ctx = ctrl->server_local->assuan_ctx;

	if (strchr (args, '\n'))
	log_error ("error: LF detected in status line - not sending\n");
	else
	assuan_write_status (ctx, keyword, args);
	}


	/* Helper to send the clients a status change notification. */
	void
	send_client_notifications (app_t app, int removal)
	{
	struct {
	pid_t pid;
	#ifdef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	HANDLE handle;
	#else
	int signo;
	#endif
	} killed[50];
	int killidx = 0;
	int kidx;
	struct server_local_s *sl;

	for (sl=session_list; sl; sl = sl->next_session)
	if (sl->ctrl_backlink && sl->ctrl_backlink->app_ctx == app)
	{
	pid_t pid;
	#ifdef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	HANDLE handle;
	#else
	int signo;
	#endif

	if (removal)
	{
	sl->ctrl_backlink->app_ctx = NULL;
	sl->card_removed = 1;
	release_application (app);
	}

	if (!sl->event_signal \|\| !sl->assuan_ctx)
	continue;

	pid = assuan_get_pid (sl->assuan_ctx);

	#ifdef HAVE_W32_SYSTEM
	handle = (void *)sl->event_signal;
	for (kidx=0; kidx < killidx; kidx++)
	if (killed[kidx].pid == pid
	&& killed[kidx].handle == handle)
	break;
	if (kidx < killidx)
	log_info ("event %lx (%p) already triggered for client %d\n",
	sl->event_signal, handle, (int)pid);
	else
	{
	log_info ("triggering event %lx (%p) for client %d\n",
	sl->event_signal, handle, (int)pid);
	if (!SetEvent (handle))
	log_error ("SetEvent(%lx) failed: %s\n",
	sl->event_signal, w32_strerror (-1));
	if (killidx < DIM (killed))
	{
	killed[killidx].pid = pid;
	killed[killidx].handle = handle;
	killidx++;
	}
	}
	#else /!HAVE_W32_SYSTEM/
	signo = sl->event_signal;

	if (pid != (pid_t)(-1) && pid && signo > 0)
	{
	for (kidx=0; kidx < killidx; kidx++)
	if (killed[kidx].pid == pid
	&& killed[kidx].signo == signo)
	break;
	if (kidx < killidx)
	log_info ("signal %d already sent to client %d\n",
	signo, (int)pid);
	else
	{
	log_info ("sending signal %d to client %d\n",
	signo, (int)pid);
	kill (pid, signo);
	if (killidx < DIM (killed))
	{
	killed[killidx].pid = pid;
	killed[killidx].signo = signo;
	killidx++;
	}
	}
	}
	#endif /!HAVE_W32_SYSTEM/
	}
	}

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