diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 6812cd51e..5e3aa3d5c 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,347 +1,348 @@
 add_subdirectory(icons)
 
 include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
 include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
 
 if (NOT DISABLE_KWATCHGNUPG)
     add_subdirectory(kwatchgnupg)
 endif()
 add_subdirectory(libkleopatraclient)
 add_subdirectory(conf)
 add_subdirectory(kconf_update)
 
 if(WIN32)
   set(_kleopatra_extra_uiserver_SRCS uiserver/uiserver_win.cpp)
   set(_kleopatra_extra_SRCS
       utils/gnupg-registry.c
       selftest/registrycheck.cpp
       utils/windowsprocessdevice.cpp
       )
 else()
   set(_kleopatra_extra_uiserver_SRCS uiserver/uiserver_unix.cpp)
   set(_kleopatra_extra_SRCS)
 endif()
 
 set(_kleopatra_uiserver_SRCS
     uiserver/sessiondata.cpp
     uiserver/uiserver.cpp
     ${_kleopatra_extra_uiserver_SRCS}
     uiserver/assuanserverconnection.cpp
     uiserver/echocommand.cpp
     uiserver/decryptverifycommandemailbase.cpp
     uiserver/decryptverifycommandfilesbase.cpp
     uiserver/signcommand.cpp
     uiserver/signencryptfilescommand.cpp
     uiserver/prepencryptcommand.cpp
     uiserver/prepsigncommand.cpp
     uiserver/encryptcommand.cpp
     uiserver/selectcertificatecommand.cpp
     uiserver/importfilescommand.cpp
     uiserver/createchecksumscommand.cpp
     uiserver/verifychecksumscommand.cpp
 
     selftest/uiservercheck.cpp
   )
 
 if(ASSUAN2_FOUND)
   include_directories(${ASSUAN2_INCLUDES})
   set(_kleopatra_uiserver_extra_libs ${ASSUAN2_LIBRARIES})
 else()
   include_directories(${ASSUAN_INCLUDES})
   if(WIN32)
     set(_kleopatra_uiserver_extra_libs ${ASSUAN_VANILLA_LIBRARIES})
   else()
     set(_kleopatra_uiserver_extra_libs ${ASSUAN_PTHREAD_LIBRARIES})
   endif()
 endif()
 
 if(HAVE_GPG_ERR_SOURCE_KLEO)
   add_definitions(-DGPG_ERR_SOURCE_DEFAULT=GPG_ERR_SOURCE_KLEO)
 else()
   add_definitions(-DGPG_ERR_SOURCE_DEFAULT=GPG_ERR_SOURCE_USER_1)
 endif()
 
 ki18n_wrap_ui(_kleopatra_uiserver_SRCS crypto/gui/signingcertificateselectionwidget.ui)
 
 set(_kleopatra_SRCS
   utils/gnupg-helper.cpp
   utils/gui-helper.cpp
   utils/filedialog.cpp
   utils/kdpipeiodevice.cpp
   utils/headerview.cpp
   utils/scrollarea.cpp
   utils/dragqueen.cpp
   utils/multivalidator.cpp
   utils/systemtrayicon.cpp
 
   utils/hex.cpp
   utils/path-helper.cpp
   utils/input.cpp
   utils/output.cpp
   utils/validation.cpp
   utils/wsastarter.cpp
   utils/iodevicelogger.cpp
   utils/log.cpp
   utils/action_data.cpp
   utils/types.cpp
   utils/archivedefinition.cpp
   utils/auditlog.cpp
   utils/clipboardmenu.cpp
   utils/kuniqueservice.cpp
   utils/remarks.cpp
+  utils/writecertassuantransaction.cpp
 
   selftest/selftest.cpp
   selftest/enginecheck.cpp
   selftest/gpgconfcheck.cpp
   selftest/gpgagentcheck.cpp
   selftest/libkleopatrarccheck.cpp
 
   ${_kleopatra_extra_SRCS}
 
   view/keylistcontroller.cpp
   view/keytreeview.cpp
   view/searchbar.cpp
   view/smartcardwidget.cpp
   view/padwidget.cpp
   view/pgpcardwidget.cpp
   view/pivcardwidget.cpp
   view/netkeywidget.cpp
   view/nullpinwidget.cpp
   view/tabwidget.cpp
   view/keycacheoverlay.cpp
   view/waitwidget.cpp
   view/welcomewidget.cpp
 
   dialogs/certificateselectiondialog.cpp
   dialogs/certifywidget.cpp
   dialogs/expirydialog.cpp
   dialogs/lookupcertificatesdialog.cpp
   dialogs/ownertrustdialog.cpp
   dialogs/selftestdialog.cpp
   dialogs/certifycertificatedialog.cpp
   dialogs/adduseriddialog.cpp
   dialogs/addemaildialog.cpp
   dialogs/exportcertificatesdialog.cpp
   dialogs/deletecertificatesdialog.cpp
   dialogs/setinitialpindialog.cpp
   dialogs/certificatedetailswidget.cpp
   dialogs/trustchainwidget.cpp
   dialogs/weboftrustwidget.cpp
   dialogs/weboftrustdialog.cpp
   dialogs/exportdialog.cpp
   dialogs/subkeyswidget.cpp
   dialogs/gencardkeydialog.cpp
   dialogs/updatenotification.cpp
   dialogs/pivcardapplicationadministrationkeyinputdialog.cpp
 
   crypto/controller.cpp
   crypto/certificateresolver.cpp
   crypto/sender.cpp
   crypto/recipient.cpp
   crypto/task.cpp
   crypto/taskcollection.cpp
   crypto/decryptverifytask.cpp
   crypto/decryptverifyemailcontroller.cpp
   crypto/decryptverifyfilescontroller.cpp
   crypto/autodecryptverifyfilescontroller.cpp
   crypto/encryptemailtask.cpp
   crypto/encryptemailcontroller.cpp
   crypto/newsignencryptemailcontroller.cpp
   crypto/signencrypttask.cpp
   crypto/signencryptfilescontroller.cpp
   crypto/signemailtask.cpp
   crypto/signemailcontroller.cpp
   crypto/createchecksumscontroller.cpp
   crypto/verifychecksumscontroller.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/wizard.cpp
   crypto/gui/wizardpage.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/certificateselectionline.cpp
   crypto/gui/certificatelineedit.cpp
   crypto/gui/signingcertificateselectionwidget.cpp
   crypto/gui/signingcertificateselectiondialog.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/resultitemwidget.cpp
   crypto/gui/resultlistwidget.cpp
   crypto/gui/resultpage.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/newresultpage.cpp
   crypto/gui/signencryptfileswizard.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/signencryptemailconflictdialog.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/decryptverifyoperationwidget.cpp
   crypto/gui/decryptverifyfileswizard.cpp
   crypto/gui/decryptverifyfilesdialog.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/objectspage.cpp
   crypto/gui/resolverecipientspage.cpp
   crypto/gui/signerresolvepage.cpp
   crypto/gui/encryptemailwizard.cpp
   crypto/gui/signemailwizard.cpp
   crypto/gui/signencryptwidget.cpp
   crypto/gui/signencryptwizard.cpp
   crypto/gui/unknownrecipientwidget.cpp
 
   crypto/gui/verifychecksumsdialog.cpp
 
   commands/command.cpp
   commands/gnupgprocesscommand.cpp
   commands/detailscommand.cpp
   commands/exportcertificatecommand.cpp
   commands/importcertificatescommand.cpp
   commands/importcertificatefromfilecommand.cpp
   commands/importcertificatefromclipboardcommand.cpp
   commands/importcertificatefromdatacommand.cpp
   commands/lookupcertificatescommand.cpp
   commands/reloadkeyscommand.cpp
   commands/refreshx509certscommand.cpp
   commands/refreshopenpgpcertscommand.cpp
   commands/deletecertificatescommand.cpp
   commands/decryptverifyfilescommand.cpp
   commands/signencryptfilescommand.cpp
   commands/signencryptfoldercommand.cpp
   commands/encryptclipboardcommand.cpp
   commands/signclipboardcommand.cpp
   commands/decryptverifyclipboardcommand.cpp
   commands/clearcrlcachecommand.cpp
   commands/dumpcrlcachecommand.cpp
   commands/dumpcertificatecommand.cpp
   commands/importcrlcommand.cpp
   commands/changeexpirycommand.cpp
   commands/changeownertrustcommand.cpp
   commands/changeroottrustcommand.cpp
   commands/changepassphrasecommand.cpp
   commands/certifycertificatecommand.cpp
   commands/selftestcommand.cpp
   commands/exportsecretkeycommand.cpp
   commands/exportopenpgpcertstoservercommand.cpp
   commands/adduseridcommand.cpp
   commands/newcertificatecommand.cpp
   commands/setinitialpincommand.cpp
   commands/learncardkeyscommand.cpp
   commands/checksumcreatefilescommand.cpp
   commands/checksumverifyfilescommand.cpp
   commands/exportpaperkeycommand.cpp
   commands/importpaperkeycommand.cpp
   commands/genrevokecommand.cpp
   commands/keytocardcommand.cpp
   commands/cardcommand.cpp
   commands/pivgeneratecardkeycommand.cpp
   commands/changepincommand.cpp
   commands/authenticatepivcardapplicationcommand.cpp
   commands/setpivcardapplicationadministrationkeycommand.cpp
 
   ${_kleopatra_uiserver_files}
 
   conf/configuredialog.cpp
 
   newcertificatewizard/listwidget.cpp
   newcertificatewizard/newcertificatewizard.cpp
 
   smartcard/readerstatus.cpp
   smartcard/card.cpp
   smartcard/openpgpcard.cpp
   smartcard/netkeycard.cpp
   smartcard/pivcard.cpp
 
   aboutdata.cpp
   systrayicon.cpp
   kleopatraapplication.cpp
   mainwindow.cpp
   main.cpp
 )
 
 if(WIN32)
   configure_file (versioninfo.rc.in versioninfo.rc)
   set(_kleopatra_SRCS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/versioninfo.rc ${_kleopatra_SRCS})
 endif()
 
 if(HAVE_KCMUTILS)
   set (_kleopatra_extra_libs KF5::KCMUtils)
 else()
   set (_kleopatra_SRCS conf/kleopageconfigdialog.cpp ${_kleopatra_SRCS})
 endif()
 
 ecm_qt_declare_logging_category(_kleopatra_SRCS HEADER kleopatra_debug.h IDENTIFIER KLEOPATRA_LOG CATEGORY_NAME org.kde.pim.kleopatra
         DESCRIPTION "kleopatra (kleopatra)"
         OLD_CATEGORY_NAMES log_kleopatra
         EXPORT KLEOPATRA
     )
 
 
 if(KLEO_MODEL_TEST)
   add_definitions(-DKLEO_MODEL_TEST)
   set(_kleopatra_SRCS ${_kleopatra_SRCS} models/modeltest.cpp)
 endif()
 
 ki18n_wrap_ui(_kleopatra_SRCS
   dialogs/expirydialog.ui
   dialogs/lookupcertificatesdialog.ui
   dialogs/ownertrustdialog.ui
   dialogs/selectchecklevelwidget.ui
   dialogs/selftestdialog.ui
   dialogs/adduseriddialog.ui
   dialogs/setinitialpindialog.ui
   dialogs/certificatedetailswidget.ui
   dialogs/trustchainwidget.ui
   dialogs/subkeyswidget.ui
   newcertificatewizard/listwidget.ui
   newcertificatewizard/chooseprotocolpage.ui
   newcertificatewizard/enterdetailspage.ui
   newcertificatewizard/overviewpage.ui
   newcertificatewizard/keycreationpage.ui
   newcertificatewizard/resultpage.ui
   newcertificatewizard/advancedsettingsdialog.ui
 )
 
 kconfig_add_kcfg_files(_kleopatra_SRCS
   kcfg/tooltippreferences.kcfgc
   kcfg/emailoperationspreferences.kcfgc
   kcfg/fileoperationspreferences.kcfgc
   kcfg/smimevalidationpreferences.kcfgc
 )
 
 file(GLOB ICONS_SRCS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/icons/*-apps-kleopatra.png")
 ecm_add_app_icon(_kleopatra_SRCS ICONS ${ICONS_SRCS})
 
 qt5_add_resources(_kleopatra_SRCS kleopatra.qrc)
 
 add_executable(kleopatra_bin ${_kleopatra_SRCS} ${_kleopatra_uiserver_SRCS})
 set_target_properties(kleopatra_bin PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME kleopatra)
 
 target_link_libraries(kleopatra_bin
   Gpgmepp
   QGpgme
   ${_kleopatra_extra_libs}
   KF5::Libkleo
   KF5::Mime
   KF5::I18n
   KF5::XmlGui
   KF5::IconThemes
   KF5::WindowSystem
   KF5::CoreAddons
   KF5::ItemModels
   KF5::Crash
   Qt5::Network
   Qt5::PrintSupport # Printing secret keys
   ${_kleopatra_uiserver_extra_libs}
   ${_kleopatra_dbusaddons_libs}
   kleopatraclientcore
 )
 
 install(TARGETS kleopatra_bin ${KDE_INSTALL_TARGETS_DEFAULT_ARGS})
 
 install(
   PROGRAMS data/org.kde.kleopatra.desktop data/kleopatra_import.desktop
   DESTINATION ${KDE_INSTALL_APPDIR}
 )
 install(FILES data/org.kde.kleopatra.appdata.xml DESTINATION ${KDE_INSTALL_METAINFODIR})
 install(
   FILES data/kleopatra_signencryptfiles.desktop
         data/kleopatra_signencryptfolders.desktop
         data/kleopatra_decryptverifyfiles.desktop
         data/kleopatra_decryptverifyfolders.desktop
   DESTINATION ${KDE_INSTALL_KSERVICES5DIR}
 )
diff --git a/src/commands/keytocardcommand.cpp b/src/commands/keytocardcommand.cpp
index e96932cd0..8e5977916 100644
--- a/src/commands/keytocardcommand.cpp
+++ b/src/commands/keytocardcommand.cpp
@@ -1,416 +1,499 @@
 /* commands/setinitialpincommand.cpp
 
     This file is part of Kleopatra, the KDE keymanager
     SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik
     SPDX-FileContributor: Intevation GmbH
 
     SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */
 
 #include <config-kleopatra.h>
 
 #include "keytocardcommand.h"
 #include "kleopatra_debug.h"
 
 #include "command_p.h"
 
 #include "smartcard/readerstatus.h"
 #include "smartcard/openpgpcard.h"
 #include "smartcard/pivcard.h"
 
 #include "commands/authenticatepivcardapplicationcommand.h"
 
+#include "utils/writecertassuantransaction.h"
+
+#include <KLocalizedString>
+
 #include <QInputDialog>
 #include <QDateTime>
 #include <QStringList>
 
-#include <KLocalizedString>
+#include <qgpgme/dataprovider.h>
+
+#include <gpgme++/context.h>
 
 #include "kleopatra_debug.h"
 
 using namespace Kleo;
 using namespace Kleo::Commands;
 using namespace Kleo::SmartCard;
 using namespace GpgME;
 
 class KeyToCardCommand::Private : public Command::Private
 {
     friend class ::Kleo::Commands::KeyToCardCommand;
     KeyToCardCommand *q_func() const
     {
         return static_cast<KeyToCardCommand *>(q);
     }
 public:
     explicit Private(KeyToCardCommand *qq, KeyListController *c);
     explicit Private(KeyToCardCommand *qq, const GpgME::Subkey &key, const std::string &serialno);
     ~Private();
 
 private:
     void start();
     void startTransferToOpenPGPCard();
     void startTransferToPIVCard();
+    void startCertificateToPIVCard();
     void authenticate();
     void authenticationFinished();
     void authenticationCanceled();
 
 private:
     std::string mSerial;
     GpgME::Subkey mSubkey;
     bool overwriteExistingAlreadyApproved = false;
     bool hasBeenCanceled = false;
 };
 
 KeyToCardCommand::Private *KeyToCardCommand::d_func()
 {
     return static_cast<Private *>(d.get());
 }
 const KeyToCardCommand::Private *KeyToCardCommand::d_func() const
 {
     return static_cast<const Private *>(d.get());
 }
 
 #define q q_func()
 #define d d_func()
 
 
 KeyToCardCommand::Private::Private(KeyToCardCommand *qq, KeyListController *c)
     : Command::Private(qq, c)
 {
 }
 
 KeyToCardCommand::Private::Private(KeyToCardCommand *qq,
                                    const GpgME::Subkey &key,
                                    const std::string &serialno)
     : Command::Private(qq, nullptr),
       mSerial(serialno),
       mSubkey(key)
 {
 }
 
 KeyToCardCommand::Private::~Private()
 {
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::Private::start()
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::Private::start()";
 
     const auto card = SmartCard::ReaderStatus::instance()->getCard<Card>(mSerial);
     if (!card) {
         error(i18n("Failed to find the card with the serial number: %1", QString::fromStdString(mSerial)));
         finished();
         return;
     }
 
     switch (card->appType()) {
     case SmartCard::Card::OpenPGPApplication: {
         if (mSubkey.parent().protocol() == GpgME::OpenPGP) {
             startTransferToOpenPGPCard();
         }
         else {
             error(i18n("Sorry! This key cannot be transferred to an OpenPGP card."));
             finished();
         }
     }
     break;
     case SmartCard::Card::PivApplication: {
         if (mSubkey.parent().protocol() == GpgME::CMS) {
             startTransferToPIVCard();
         } else {
             error(i18n("Sorry! This key cannot be transferred to a PIV card."));
             finished();
         }
     }
     break;
     default: {
         error(i18n("Sorry! Transferring keys to this card is not supported."));
         finished();
     }
     }
 }
 
 namespace {
 static int getOpenPGPCardSlotForKey(const GpgME::Subkey &subKey, QWidget *parent)
 {
     // Check if we need to ask the user for the slot
     if ((subKey.canSign() || subKey.canCertify()) && !subKey.canEncrypt() && !subKey.canAuthenticate()) {
         // Signing only
         return 1;
     }
     if (subKey.canEncrypt() && !(subKey.canSign() || subKey.canCertify()) && !subKey.canAuthenticate()) {
         // Encrypt only
         return 2;
     }
     if (subKey.canAuthenticate() && !(subKey.canSign() || subKey.canCertify()) && !subKey.canEncrypt()) {
         // Auth only
         return 3;
     }
     // Multiple uses, ask user.
     QStringList options;
 
     if (subKey.canSign() || subKey.canCertify()) {
         options << i18nc("Placeholder is the number of a slot on a smart card", "Signature (%1)", 1);
     }
     if (subKey.canEncrypt()) {
         options << i18nc("Placeholder is the number of a slot on a smart card", "Encryption (%1)", 2);
     }
     if (subKey.canAuthenticate()) {
         options << i18nc("Placeholder is the number of a slot on a smart card", "Authentication (%1)", 3);
     }
 
     bool ok;
     const QString choice = QInputDialog::getItem(parent, i18n("Select Slot"),
         i18n("Please select the slot the key should be written to:"), options, /* current= */ 0, /* editable= */ false, &ok);
     const int slot = options.indexOf(choice) + 1;
     return ok ? slot : -1;
 }
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::Private::startTransferToOpenPGPCard() {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::Private::startTransferToOpenPGPCard()";
 
     const auto pgpCard = SmartCard::ReaderStatus::instance()->getCard<OpenPGPCard>(mSerial);
     if (!pgpCard) {
         error(i18n("Failed to find the OpenPGP card with the serial number: %1", QString::fromStdString(mSerial)));
         finished();
         return;
     }
 
     const auto slot = getOpenPGPCardSlotForKey(mSubkey, parentWidgetOrView());
     if (slot < 1) {
         finished();
         return;
     }
 
     // Check if we need to do the overwrite warning.
     std::string existingKey;
     QString encKeyWarning;
     if (slot == 1) {
         existingKey = pgpCard->sigFpr();
     } else if (slot == 2) {
         existingKey = pgpCard->encFpr();
         encKeyWarning = i18n("It will no longer be possible to decrypt past communication "
                                 "encrypted for the existing key.");
     } else if (slot == 3) {
         existingKey = pgpCard->authFpr();
     }
     if (!existingKey.empty()) {
         const QString message = i18nc("@info",
             "<p>This card already contains a key in this slot. Continuing will <b>overwrite</b> that key.</p>"
             "<p>If there is no backup the existing key will be irrecoverably lost.</p>") +
             i18n("The existing key has the fingerprint:") +
             QStringLiteral("<pre>%1</pre>").arg(QString::fromStdString(existingKey)) +
             encKeyWarning;
         const auto choice = KMessageBox::warningContinueCancel(parentWidgetOrView(), message,
             i18nc("@title:window", "Overwrite existing key"),
             KStandardGuiItem::cont(), KStandardGuiItem::cancel(), QString(), KMessageBox::Notify | KMessageBox::Dangerous);
         if (choice != KMessageBox::Continue) {
             finished();
             return;
         }
     }
 
     // Now do the deed
     const auto time = QDateTime::fromSecsSinceEpoch(mSubkey.creationTime());
     const auto timestamp = time.toString(QStringLiteral("yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss"));
     const QString cmd = QStringLiteral("KEYTOCARD --force %1 %2 OPENPGP.%3 %4")
         .arg(QString::fromLatin1(mSubkey.keyGrip()), QString::fromStdString(mSerial))
         .arg(slot)
         .arg(timestamp);
     ReaderStatus::mutableInstance()->startSimpleTransaction(cmd.toUtf8(), q_func(), "keyToOpenPGPCardDone");
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::Private::startTransferToPIVCard()
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::Private::startTransferToPIVCard()";
 
     const auto pivCard = SmartCard::ReaderStatus::instance()->getCard<PIVCard>(mSerial);
     if (!pivCard) {
         error(i18n("Failed to find the PIV card with the serial number: %1", QString::fromStdString(mSerial)));
         finished();
         return;
     }
 
     if (!mSubkey.canEncrypt()) {
         error(i18n("Sorry! Only encryption keys can be transferred to a PIV card."));
         finished();
         return;
     }
 
     // Check if we need to do the overwrite warning.
     if (!overwriteExistingAlreadyApproved) {
         const std::string existingKey = pivCard->keyGrip(PIVCard::keyManagementKeyRef());
         if (!existingKey.empty()) {
             const QString message = i18nc("@info",
                 "<p>This card already contains a key in this slot. Continuing will <b>overwrite</b> that key.</p>"
                 "<p>If there is no backup the existing key will be irrecoverably lost.</p>") +
                 i18n("The existing key has the key grip:") +
                 QStringLiteral("<pre>%1</pre>").arg(QString::fromStdString(existingKey)) +
                 i18n("It will no longer be possible to decrypt past communication encrypted for the existing key.");
             const auto choice = KMessageBox::warningContinueCancel(parentWidgetOrView(), message,
                 i18nc("@title:window", "Overwrite existing key"),
                 KStandardGuiItem::cont(), KStandardGuiItem::cancel(), QString(), KMessageBox::Notify | KMessageBox::Dangerous);
             if (choice != KMessageBox::Continue) {
                 finished();
                 return;
             }
             overwriteExistingAlreadyApproved = true;
         }
     }
 
     // Now do the deed
     const QString cmd = QStringLiteral("KEYTOCARD --force %1 %2 %3")
         .arg(QString::fromLatin1(mSubkey.keyGrip()), QString::fromStdString(mSerial))
         .arg(QString::fromStdString(PIVCard::keyManagementKeyRef()));
     ReaderStatus::mutableInstance()->startSimpleTransaction(cmd.toUtf8(), q_func(), "keyToPIVCardDone");
 }
 
+void KeyToCardCommand::Private::startCertificateToPIVCard()
+{
+    qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::Private::startCertificateToPIVCard()";
+
+    const auto pivCard = SmartCard::ReaderStatus::instance()->getCard<PIVCard>(mSerial);
+    if (!pivCard) {
+        error(i18n("Failed to find the PIV card with the serial number: %1", QString::fromStdString(mSerial)));
+        finished();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Check if we need to do the overwrite warning.
+    if (!overwriteExistingAlreadyApproved) {
+        const std::string existingKey = pivCard->keyGrip(PIVCard::keyManagementKeyRef());
+        if (!existingKey.empty()) {
+            const QString message = i18nc("@info",
+                "<p>This card already contains a key in this slot. Continuing will <b>overwrite</b> that key.</p>"
+                "<p>If there is no backup the existing key will be irrecoverably lost.</p>") +
+                i18n("The existing key has the key grip:") +
+                QStringLiteral("<pre>%1</pre>").arg(QString::fromStdString(existingKey)) +
+                i18n("It will no longer be possible to decrypt past communication encrypted for the existing key.");
+            const auto choice = KMessageBox::warningContinueCancel(parentWidgetOrView(), message,
+                i18nc("@title:window", "Overwrite existing key"),
+                KStandardGuiItem::cont(), KStandardGuiItem::cancel(), QString(), KMessageBox::Notify | KMessageBox::Dangerous);
+            if (choice != KMessageBox::Continue) {
+                finished();
+                return;
+            }
+            overwriteExistingAlreadyApproved = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto ctx = Context::createForProtocol(GpgME::CMS);
+    QGpgME::QByteArrayDataProvider dp;
+    Data data(&dp);
+    const Error err = ctx->exportPublicKeys(mSubkey.parent().primaryFingerprint(), data);
+    if (err) {
+        error(i18nc("@info", "Exporting the certificate failed: %1", QString::fromUtf8(err.asString())),
+              i18nc("@title", "Error"));
+        finished();
+        return;
+    }
+    const QByteArray certificateData = dp.data();
+
+    // Now do the deed
+    const QString cmd = QStringLiteral("SCD WRITECERT %1")
+        .arg(QString::fromStdString(PIVCard::keyManagementKeyRef()));
+    auto transaction = std::unique_ptr<AssuanTransaction>(new WriteCertAssuanTransaction(certificateData));
+    ReaderStatus::mutableInstance()->startTransaction(cmd.toUtf8(), q_func(), "certificateToPIVCardDone", std::move(transaction));
+}
+
 void KeyToCardCommand::Private::authenticate()
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::authenticate()";
 
     auto cmd = new AuthenticatePIVCardApplicationCommand(mSerial, parentWidgetOrView());
     connect(cmd, &AuthenticatePIVCardApplicationCommand::finished,
             q, [this]() { authenticationFinished(); });
     connect(cmd, &AuthenticatePIVCardApplicationCommand::canceled,
             q, [this]() { authenticationCanceled(); });
     cmd->start();
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::Private::authenticationFinished()
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::authenticationFinished()";
     if (!hasBeenCanceled) {
         startTransferToPIVCard();
     }
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::Private::authenticationCanceled()
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::authenticationCanceled()";
     hasBeenCanceled = true;
     canceled();
 }
 
 KeyToCardCommand::KeyToCardCommand(KeyListController *c)
     : Command(new Private(this, c))
 {
 }
 
 KeyToCardCommand::KeyToCardCommand(QAbstractItemView *v, KeyListController *c)
     : Command(v, new Private(this, c))
 {
 }
 
 KeyToCardCommand::KeyToCardCommand(const GpgME::Key &key)
     : Command(key, new Private(this, nullptr))
 {
 }
 
 KeyToCardCommand::KeyToCardCommand(const GpgME::Subkey &key, const std::string &serialno)
     : Command(new Private(this, key, serialno))
 {
 }
 
 KeyToCardCommand::~KeyToCardCommand()
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::~KeyToCardCommand()";
 }
 
 bool KeyToCardCommand::supported()
 {
     return true;
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::keyToOpenPGPCardDone(const GpgME::Error &err)
 {
     if (err) {
         d->error(i18nc("@info",
                        "Moving the key to the card failed: %1", QString::fromUtf8(err.asString())),
                         i18nc("@title", "Error"));
     } else if (!err.isCanceled()) {
         /* TODO DELETE_KEY is too strong, because it also deletes the stub
          * of the secret key. I could not find out how GnuPG does this. Question
          * to GnuPG Developers is pending an answer
         if (KMessageBox::questionYesNo(d->parentWidgetOrView(),
                                        i18n("Do you want to delete the key on this computer?"),
                                        i18nc("@title:window",
                                        "Key transferred to card")) == KMessageBox::Yes) {
             const QString cmd = QStringLiteral("DELETE_KEY --force %1").arg(d->mSubkey.keyGrip());
             // Using readerstatus is a bit overkill but it's an easy way to talk to the agent.
             ReaderStatus::mutableInstance()->startSimpleTransaction(cmd.toUtf8(), this, "deleteDone");
         }
         */
         KMessageBox::information(d->parentWidgetOrView(),
                                  i18n("Successfully copied the key to the card."),
                                  i18nc("@title", "Success"));
     }
     d->finished();
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::keyToPIVCardDone(const GpgME::Error &err)
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::keyToPIVCardDone():"
                            << err.asString() << "(" << err.code() << ")";
+    if (!err && !err.isCanceled()) {
+        d->startCertificateToPIVCard();
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (err) {
         // gpgme 1.13 reports "BAD PIN" instead of "NO AUTH"
         if (err.code() == GPG_ERR_NO_AUTH || err.code() == GPG_ERR_BAD_PIN) {
             d->authenticate();
             return;
         }
 
         d->error(i18nc("@info",
                        "Moving the key to the card failed: %1", QString::fromUtf8(err.asString())),
                         i18nc("@title", "Error"));
+    }
+
+    d->finished();
+}
+
+void KeyToCardCommand::certificateToPIVCardDone(const GpgME::Error &err)
+{
+    qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::certificateToPIVCardDone():"
+                           << err.asString() << "(" << err.code() << ")";
+    if (err) {
+        // gpgme 1.13 reports "BAD PIN" instead of "NO AUTH"
+        if (err.code() == GPG_ERR_NO_AUTH || err.code() == GPG_ERR_BAD_PIN) {
+            d->authenticate();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        d->error(i18nc("@info",
+                       "Writing the certificate to the card failed: %1", QString::fromUtf8(err.asString())),
+                        i18nc("@title", "Error"));
     } else if (!err.isCanceled()) {
         KMessageBox::information(d->parentWidgetOrView(),
-                                 i18n("Successfully copied the key to the card."),
+                                 i18n("Successfully copied the certificate to the card."),
                                  i18nc("@title", "Success"));
         ReaderStatus::mutableInstance()->updateStatus();
     }
+
     d->finished();
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::deleteDone(const GpgME::Error &err)
 {
     if (err) {
         d->error(i18nc("@info", "Failed to delete the key: %1", QString::fromUtf8(err.asString())),
                         i18nc("@title", "Error"));
     }
     d->finished();
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::doStart()
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "KeyToCardCommand::doStart()";
 
     if (d->mSubkey.isNull()) {
         const std::vector<Key> keys = d->keys();
         if (keys.size() != 1 ||
                 !keys.front().hasSecret() ||
                 keys.front().subkey(0).isNull()) {
             d->finished();
             return;
         }
         d->mSubkey = keys.front().subkey(0);
     }
 
     if (d->mSerial.empty()) {
         const auto cards = SmartCard::ReaderStatus::instance()->getCards();
         if (!cards.size() || cards[0]->serialNumber().empty()) {
             d->error(i18n("Failed to find a smart card."));
             d->finished();
             return;
         }
         d->mSerial = cards[0]->serialNumber();
     }
 
     d->start();
 }
 
 void KeyToCardCommand::doCancel()
 {
 }
 
 #undef q_func
 #undef d_func
diff --git a/src/commands/keytocardcommand.h b/src/commands/keytocardcommand.h
index 740ed4cb9..30a216994 100644
--- a/src/commands/keytocardcommand.h
+++ b/src/commands/keytocardcommand.h
@@ -1,58 +1,59 @@
 /*  commands/keytocardcommand.h
 
     This file is part of Kleopatra, the KDE keymanager
     SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik
     SPDX-FileContributor: Intevation GmbH
 
     SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */
 
 #ifndef __KLEOPATRA_COMMANDS_KEYTOCARDCOMMAND_H__
 #define __KLEOPATRA_COMMANDS_KEYTOCARDCOMMAND_H__
 
 #include <commands/command.h>
 
 #include <string>
 #include <gpgme++/key.h>
 
 namespace Kleo
 {
 namespace Commands
 {
 
 class KeyToCardCommand : public Command
 {
     Q_OBJECT
 public:
     explicit KeyToCardCommand(KeyListController *parent);
     explicit KeyToCardCommand(QAbstractItemView *view, KeyListController *parent);
     explicit KeyToCardCommand(const GpgME::Key &key);
     KeyToCardCommand(const GpgME::Subkey &key, const std::string &serialno);
     ~KeyToCardCommand() override;
 
     /* reimp */ static Restrictions restrictions()
     {
         return OnlyOneKey | NeedSecretKey | NeedsSmartCard;
     }
 
     static bool supported();
 
 public Q_SLOTS:
     void keyToOpenPGPCardDone(const GpgME::Error &err);
     void keyToPIVCardDone(const GpgME::Error &err);
+    void certificateToPIVCardDone(const GpgME::Error &err);
     void deleteDone(const GpgME::Error &err);
 
 private:
     void doStart() override;
     void doCancel() override;
 
 private:
     class Private;
     inline Private *d_func();
     inline const Private *d_func() const;
 };
 
 }
 }
 
 #endif /* __KLEOPATRA_COMMANDS_KEYTOCARDCOMMAND_H__ */
diff --git a/src/smartcard/readerstatus.cpp b/src/smartcard/readerstatus.cpp
index 8e9e6dfa0..b0df9996f 100644
--- a/src/smartcard/readerstatus.cpp
+++ b/src/smartcard/readerstatus.cpp
@@ -1,759 +1,778 @@
 /* -*- mode: c++; c-basic-offset:4 -*-
     smartcard/readerstatus.cpp
 
     This file is part of Kleopatra, the KDE keymanager
     SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2009 Klarälvdalens Datakonsult AB
     SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 g10 Code GmbH
     SPDX-FileContributor: Ingo Klöcker <dev@ingo-kloecker.de>
 
     SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */
 
 #include <config-kleopatra.h>
 
 #include "readerstatus.h"
 
 #include <utils/gnupg-helper.h>
 
 #include <Libkleo/FileSystemWatcher>
 #include <Libkleo/Stl_Util>
 
 #include <gpgme++/context.h>
 #include <gpgme++/defaultassuantransaction.h>
 #include <gpgme++/key.h>
 
 #include <gpg-error.h>
 
 #include "kleopatra_debug.h"
 #include "openpgpcard.h"
 #include "netkeycard.h"
 #include "pivcard.h"
 
 #include <QStringList>
 #include <QFileInfo>
 #include <QMutex>
 #include <QWaitCondition>
 #include <QThread>
 #include <QPointer>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <set>
 #include <list>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <utility>
 #include <cstdlib>
 
 #include "utils/kdtoolsglobal.h"
 
 using namespace Kleo;
 using namespace Kleo::SmartCard;
 using namespace GpgME;
 
 static ReaderStatus *self = nullptr;
 
 #define xtoi_1(p)   (*(p) <= '9'? (*(p)- '0'): \
                      *(p) <= 'F'? (*(p)-'A'+10):(*(p)-'a'+10))
 #define xtoi_2(p)   ((xtoi_1(p) * 16) + xtoi_1((p)+1))
 
 static const char *flags[] = {
     "NOCARD",
     "PRESENT",
     "ACTIVE",
     "USABLE",
 };
 static_assert(sizeof flags / sizeof * flags == Card::_NumScdStates, "");
 
 static const char *prettyFlags[] = {
     "NoCard",
     "CardPresent",
     "CardActive",
     "CardUsable",
     "CardError",
 };
 static_assert(sizeof prettyFlags / sizeof * prettyFlags == Card::NumStates, "");
 
 #if 0
 We need this once we have support for multiple readers in scdaemons
 interface.
 static unsigned int parseFileName(const QString &fileName, bool *ok)
 {
     QRegExp rx(QLatin1String("reader_(\\d+)\\.status"));
     if (ok) {
         *ok = false;
     }
     if (rx.exactMatch(QFileInfo(fileName).fileName())) {
         return rx.cap(1).toUInt(ok, 10);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 #endif
 
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(GpgME::Error)
 
 namespace
 {
 static QDebug operator<<(QDebug s, const std::vector< std::pair<std::string, std::string> > &v)
 {
     typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> pair;
     s << '(';
     for (const pair &p : v) {
         s << "status(" << QString::fromStdString(p.first) << ") =" << QString::fromStdString(p.second) << '\n';
     }
     return s << ')';
 }
 
 static const char *app_types[] = {
     "_", // will hopefully never be used as an app-type :)
     "openpgp",
     "piv",
     "nks",
     "p15",
     "dinsig",
     "geldkarte",
 };
 static_assert(sizeof app_types / sizeof * app_types == Card::NumAppTypes, "");
 
 static Card::AppType parse_app_type(const std::string &s)
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "parse_app_type(" << s.c_str() << ")";
     const char **it = std::find_if(std::begin(app_types), std::end(app_types),
                                 [&s](const char *type) {
                                     return ::strcasecmp(s.c_str(), type) == 0;
                                 });
     if (it == std::end(app_types)) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "App type not found";
         return Card::UnknownApplication;
     }
     return static_cast<Card::AppType>(it - std::begin(app_types));
 }
 
 static int parse_app_version(const std::string &s)
 {
     return std::atoi(s.c_str());
 }
 
 static Card::PinState parse_pin_state(const QString &s)
 {
     bool ok;
     int i = s.toInt(&ok);
     if (!ok) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "Failed to parse pin state" << s;
         return Card::UnknownPinState;
     }
     switch (i) {
     case -4: return Card::NullPin;
     case -3: return Card::PinBlocked;
     case -2: return Card::NoPin;
     case -1: return Card::UnknownPinState;
     default:
         if (i < 0) {
             return Card::UnknownPinState;
         } else {
             return Card::PinOk;
         }
     }
 }
 
-static std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction> gpgagent_transact(std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpgAgent, const char *command, Error &err)
+template<typename T>
+static std::unique_ptr<T> gpgagent_transact(std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpgAgent, const char *command, std::unique_ptr<T> transaction, Error &err)
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "gpgagent_transact(" << command << ")";
-    err = gpgAgent->assuanTransact(command);
+    err = gpgAgent->assuanTransact(command, std::move(transaction));
     if (err.code()) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "gpgagent_transact(" << command << "):" << QString::fromLocal8Bit(err.asString());
         if (err.code() >= GPG_ERR_ASS_GENERAL && err.code() <= GPG_ERR_ASS_UNKNOWN_INQUIRE) {
             qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "Assuan problem, killing context";
             gpgAgent.reset();
         }
-        return std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction>();
+        return std::unique_ptr<T>();
     }
     std::unique_ptr<AssuanTransaction> t = gpgAgent->takeLastAssuanTransaction();
-    return std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction>(dynamic_cast<DefaultAssuanTransaction*>(t.release()));
+    return std::unique_ptr<T>(dynamic_cast<T*>(t.release()));
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction> gpgagent_default_transact(std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpgAgent, const char *command, Error &err)
+{
+    return gpgagent_transact(gpgAgent, command, std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction>(new DefaultAssuanTransaction), err);
 }
 
 const std::vector< std::pair<std::string, std::string> > gpgagent_statuslines(std::shared_ptr<Context> gpgAgent, const char *what, Error &err)
 {
-    const std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction> t = gpgagent_transact(gpgAgent, what, err);
+    const std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction> t = gpgagent_default_transact(gpgAgent, what, err);
     if (t.get()) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "agent_getattr_status(" << what << "): got" << t->statusLines();
         return t->statusLines();
     } else {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "agent_getattr_status(" << what << "): t == NULL";
         return std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> >();
     }
-
 }
 
 static const std::string gpgagent_status(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpgAgent, const char *what, Error &err)
 {
     const auto lines = gpgagent_statuslines (gpgAgent, what, err);
     // The status is only the last attribute
     // e.g. for SCD SERIALNO it would only be "SERIALNO" and for SCD GETATTR FOO
     // it would only be FOO
     const char *p = strrchr(what, ' ');
     const char *needle = (p + 1) ? (p + 1) : what;
     for (const auto &pair: lines) {
         if (pair.first == needle) {
             return pair.second;
         }
     }
     return std::string();
 }
 
 static const std::string scd_getattr_status(std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpgAgent, const char *what, Error &err)
 {
     std::string cmd = "SCD GETATTR ";
     cmd += what;
     return gpgagent_status(gpgAgent, cmd.c_str(), err);
 }
 
 static const char * get_openpgp_card_manufacturer_from_serial_number(const std::string &serialno)
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_openpgp_card_manufacturer_from_serial_number(" << serialno.c_str() << ")";
 
     const bool isProperOpenPGPCardSerialNumber =
         serialno.size() == 32 && serialno.substr(0, 12) == "D27600012401";
     if (isProperOpenPGPCardSerialNumber) {
         const char *sn = serialno.c_str();
         const int manufacturerId = xtoi_2(sn + 16)*256 + xtoi_2(sn + 18);
         switch (manufacturerId) {
             case 0x0001: return "PPC Card Systems";
             case 0x0002: return "Prism";
             case 0x0003: return "OpenFortress";
             case 0x0004: return "Wewid";
             case 0x0005: return "ZeitControl";
             case 0x0006: return "Yubico";
             case 0x0007: return "OpenKMS";
             case 0x0008: return "LogoEmail";
 
             case 0x002A: return "Magrathea";
 
             case 0x1337: return "Warsaw Hackerspace";
 
             case 0xF517: return "FSIJ";
 
             /* 0x0000 and 0xFFFF are defined as test cards per spec,
                0xFF00 to 0xFFFE are assigned for use with randomly created
                serial numbers.  */
             case 0x0000:
             case 0xffff: return "test card";
             default: return (manufacturerId & 0xff00) == 0xff00 ? "unmanaged S/N range" : "unknown";
         }
     } else {
         return "unknown";
     }
 }
 
 static const std::string get_manufacturer(std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpgAgent, Error &err)
 {
     // The result of SCD GETATTR MANUFACTURER is the manufacturer ID as unsigned number
     // optionally followed by the name of the manufacturer, e.g.
     // 6 Yubico
     // 65534 unmanaged S/N range
     const auto manufacturerIdAndName = scd_getattr_status(gpgAgent, "MANUFACTURER", err);
     if (err.code()) {
         if (err.code() == GPG_ERR_INV_NAME) {
             qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_manufacturer(): Querying for attribute MANUFACTURER not yet supported; needs GnuPG 2.2.21+";
         } else {
             qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_manufacturer(): GpgME::Error(" << err.encodedError() << " (" << err.asString() << "))";
         }
         return std::string();
     }
     const auto startOfManufacturerName = manufacturerIdAndName.find(' ');
     if (startOfManufacturerName == std::string::npos) {
         // only ID without manufacturer name
         return "unknown";
     }
     const auto manufacturerName = manufacturerIdAndName.substr(startOfManufacturerName + 1);
     return manufacturerName;
 }
 
 static void handle_openpgp_card(std::shared_ptr<Card> &ci, std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpg_agent)
 {
     Error err;
     auto ret = new OpenPGPCard();
     ret->setSerialNumber(ci->serialNumber());
 
     ret->setManufacturer(get_manufacturer(gpg_agent, err));
     if (err.code()) {
         // fallback, e.g. if gpg does not yet support querying for the MANUFACTURER attribute
         ret->setManufacturer(get_openpgp_card_manufacturer_from_serial_number(ci->serialNumber()));
     }
 
     const auto info = gpgagent_statuslines(gpg_agent, "SCD LEARN --keypairinfo", err);
     if (err.code()) {
         ci->setStatus(Card::CardError);
         return;
     }
     ret->setKeyPairInfo(info);
     ci.reset(ret);
 }
 
 static void handle_piv_card(std::shared_ptr<Card> &ci, std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpg_agent)
 {
     Error err;
     auto pivCard = new PIVCard();
     pivCard->setSerialNumber(ci->serialNumber());
 
     const auto displaySerialnumber = scd_getattr_status(gpg_agent, "$DISPSERIALNO", err);
     if (err.code()) {
         qCWarning(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "handle_piv_card(): Error on GETATTR $DISPSERIALNO:"
                   << "GpgME::Error(" << err.encodedError() << " (" << err.asString() << "))";
     }
     pivCard->setDisplaySerialNumber(err.code() ? ci->serialNumber() : displaySerialnumber);
 
     const auto info = gpgagent_statuslines(gpg_agent, "SCD LEARN --force", err);
     if (err.code()) {
         ci->setStatus(Card::CardError);
         return;
     }
     pivCard->setCardInfo(info);
     ci.reset(pivCard);
 }
 
 static void handle_netkey_card(std::shared_ptr<Card> &ci, std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpg_agent)
 {
     Error err;
     auto nkCard = new NetKeyCard();
     nkCard->setSerialNumber(ci->serialNumber());
     ci.reset(nkCard);
 
     ci->setAppVersion(parse_app_version(scd_getattr_status(gpg_agent, "NKS-VERSION", err)));
 
     if (err.code()) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "NKS-VERSION resulted in error" << err.asString();
         ci->setErrorMsg(QStringLiteral ("NKS-VERSION failed: ") + QString::fromUtf8(err.asString()));
         return;
     }
 
     if (ci->appVersion() != 3) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "not a NetKey v3 card, giving up. Version:" << ci->appVersion();
         ci->setErrorMsg(QStringLiteral("NetKey v%1 cards are not supported.").arg(ci->appVersion()));
         return;
     }
     // the following only works for NKS v3...
     const auto chvStatus = QString::fromStdString(
             scd_getattr_status(gpg_agent, "CHV-STATUS", err)).split(QLatin1Char(' '));
     if (err.code()) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "no CHV-STATUS" << err.asString();
         ci->setErrorMsg(QStringLiteral ("CHV-Status failed: ") + QString::fromUtf8(err.asString()));
         return;
     }
 
     std::vector<Card::PinState> states;
     states.reserve(chvStatus.count());
     // CHV Status for NKS v3 is
     // Pin1 (Normal pin) Pin2 (Normal PUK)
     // SigG1 SigG PUK.
     int num = 0;
     for (const auto &state: chvStatus) {
         const auto parsed = parse_pin_state (state);
         states.push_back(parsed);
         if (parsed == Card::NullPin) {
             if (num == 0) {
                 ci->setHasNullPin(true);
             }
         }
         ++num;
     }
     nkCard->setPinStates(states);
 
     // check for keys to learn:
-    const std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction> result = gpgagent_transact(gpg_agent, "SCD LEARN --keypairinfo", err);
+    const std::unique_ptr<DefaultAssuanTransaction> result = gpgagent_default_transact(gpg_agent, "SCD LEARN --keypairinfo", err);
     if (err.code() || !result.get()) {
         if (err) {
             ci->setErrorMsg(QString::fromLatin1(err.asString()));
         } else {
             ci->setErrorMsg(QStringLiteral("Invalid internal state. No result."));
         }
         return;
     }
     const std::vector<std::string> keyPairInfos = result->statusLine("KEYPAIRINFO");
     if (keyPairInfos.empty()) {
         return;
     }
     nkCard->setKeyPairInfo(keyPairInfos);
 }
 
 static std::shared_ptr<Card> get_card_status(unsigned int slot, std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpg_agent)
 {
     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_card_status(" << slot << ',' << gpg_agent.get() << ')';
     auto ci = std::shared_ptr<Card> (new Card());
     if (slot != 0 || !gpg_agent) {
         // In the future scdaemon should support multiple slots but
         // not yet (2.1.18)
         return ci;
     }
 
     Error err;
     ci->setSerialNumber(gpgagent_status(gpg_agent, "SCD SERIALNO", err));
     if (err.code() == GPG_ERR_CARD_NOT_PRESENT || err.code() == GPG_ERR_CARD_REMOVED) {
         ci->setStatus(Card::NoCard);
         return ci;
     }
     if (err.code()) {
         ci->setStatus(Card::CardError);
         return ci;
     }
     ci->setStatus(Card::CardPresent);
 
     const auto verbatimType = scd_getattr_status(gpg_agent, "APPTYPE", err);
     ci->setAppType(parse_app_type(verbatimType));
     if (err.code()) {
         return ci;
     }
 
     // Handle different card types
     if (ci->appType() == Card::NksApplication) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_card_status: found Netkey card" << ci->serialNumber().c_str() << "end";
         handle_netkey_card(ci, gpg_agent);
         return ci;
     } else if (ci->appType() == Card::OpenPGPApplication) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_card_status: found OpenPGP card" << ci->serialNumber().c_str() << "end";
         handle_openpgp_card(ci, gpg_agent);
         return ci;
     } else if (ci->appType() == Card::PivApplication) {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_card_status: found PIV card" << ci->serialNumber().c_str() << "end";
         handle_piv_card(ci, gpg_agent);
         return ci;
     } else {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "get_card_status: unhandled application:" << verbatimType.c_str();
         return ci;
     }
 
     return ci;
 }
 
 static std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> > update_cardinfo(std::shared_ptr<Context> &gpgAgent)
 {
     // Multiple smartcard readers are only supported internally by gnupg
     // but not by scdaemon (Status gnupg 2.1.18)
     // We still pretend that there can be multiple cards inserted
     // at once but we don't handle it yet.
     const auto ci = get_card_status(0, gpgAgent);
     return std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> >(1, ci);
 }
 } // namespace
 
 struct Transaction {
     QByteArray command;
     QPointer<QObject> receiver;
     const char *slot;
+    AssuanTransaction* assuanTransaction;
 };
 
-static const Transaction updateTransaction = { "__update__", nullptr, nullptr };
-static const Transaction quitTransaction   = { "__quit__",   nullptr, nullptr };
+static const Transaction updateTransaction = { "__update__", nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
+static const Transaction quitTransaction   = { "__quit__",   nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
 
 namespace
 {
 class ReaderStatusThread : public QThread
 {
     Q_OBJECT
 public:
     explicit ReaderStatusThread(QObject *parent = nullptr)
         : QThread(parent),
           m_gnupgHomePath(Kleo::gnupgHomeDirectory()),
           m_transactions(1, updateTransaction)   // force initial scan
     {
         connect(this, &ReaderStatusThread::oneTransactionFinished,
                 this, &ReaderStatusThread::slotOneTransactionFinished);
     }
 
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> > cardInfos() const
     {
         const QMutexLocker locker(&m_mutex);
         return m_cardInfos;
     }
 
     Card::Status cardStatus(unsigned int slot) const
     {
         const QMutexLocker locker(&m_mutex);
         if (slot < m_cardInfos.size()) {
             return m_cardInfos[slot]->status();
         } else {
             return Card::NoCard;
         }
     }
 
     void addTransaction(const Transaction &t)
     {
         const QMutexLocker locker(&m_mutex);
         m_transactions.push_back(t);
         m_waitForTransactions.wakeOne();
     }
 
 Q_SIGNALS:
     void anyCardHasNullPinChanged(bool);
     void anyCardCanLearnKeysChanged(bool);
     void cardChanged(unsigned int);
     void oneTransactionFinished(const GpgME::Error &err);
 
 public Q_SLOTS:
     void ping()
     {
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "ReaderStatusThread[GUI]::ping()";
         addTransaction(updateTransaction);
     }
 
     void stop()
     {
         const QMutexLocker locker(&m_mutex);
         m_transactions.push_front(quitTransaction);
         m_waitForTransactions.wakeOne();
     }
 
 private Q_SLOTS:
     void slotOneTransactionFinished(const GpgME::Error &err)
     {
         std::list<Transaction> ft;
         KDAB_SYNCHRONIZED(m_mutex)
         ft.splice(ft.begin(), m_finishedTransactions);
         Q_FOREACH (const Transaction &t, ft)
             if (t.receiver && t.slot && *t.slot) {
                 QMetaObject::invokeMethod(t.receiver, t.slot, Qt::DirectConnection, Q_ARG(GpgME::Error, err));
             }
     }
 
 private:
     void run() override {
         while (true) {
             std::shared_ptr<Context> gpgAgent;
 
             QByteArray command;
             bool nullSlot = false;
+            AssuanTransaction* assuanTransaction = nullptr;
             std::list<Transaction> item;
             std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> > oldCards;
 
             Error err;
             std::unique_ptr<Context> c = Context::createForEngine(AssuanEngine, &err);
             if (err.code() == GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
                 return;
             }
             gpgAgent = std::shared_ptr<Context>(c.release());
 
             KDAB_SYNCHRONIZED(m_mutex) {
 
                 while (m_transactions.empty()) {
                     // go to sleep waiting for more work:
                     qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "ReaderStatusThread[2nd]: waiting for commands";
                     m_waitForTransactions.wait(&m_mutex);
                 }
 
                 // splice off the first transaction without
                 // copying, so we own it without really importing
                 // it into this thread (the QPointer isn't
                 // thread-safe):
                 item.splice(item.end(),
                             m_transactions, m_transactions.begin());
 
                 // make local copies of the interesting stuff so
                 // we can release the mutex again:
                 command = item.front().command;
                 nullSlot = !item.front().slot;
+                // we take ownership of the assuan transaction
+                std::swap(assuanTransaction, item.front().assuanTransaction);
                 oldCards = m_cardInfos;
             }
 
             qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "ReaderStatusThread[2nd]: new iteration command=" << command << " ; nullSlot=" << nullSlot;
             // now, let's see what we got:
             if (nullSlot && command == quitTransaction.command) {
                 return;    // quit
             }
 
             if ((nullSlot && command == updateTransaction.command)) {
 
                 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> > newCards = update_cardinfo(gpgAgent);
 
                 newCards.resize(std::max(newCards.size(), oldCards.size()));
                 oldCards.resize(std::max(newCards.size(), oldCards.size()));
 
                 KDAB_SYNCHRONIZED(m_mutex)
                 m_cardInfos = newCards;
 
                 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> >::const_iterator
                 nit = newCards.begin(), nend = newCards.end(),
                 oit = oldCards.begin(), oend = oldCards.end();
 
                 unsigned int idx = 0;
                 bool anyLC = false;
                 bool anyNP = false;
                 bool anyError = false;
                 while (nit != nend && oit != oend) {
                     const auto optr = (*oit).get();
                     const auto nptr = (*nit).get();
                     if ((optr && !nptr) || (!optr && nptr) || (optr && nptr && *optr != *nptr)) {
                         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "ReaderStatusThread[2nd]: slot" << idx << ": card Changed";
                         Q_EMIT cardChanged(idx);
                     }
                     if ((*nit)->canLearnKeys()) {
                         anyLC = true;
                     }
                     if ((*nit)->hasNullPin()) {
                         anyNP = true;
                     }
                     if ((*nit)->status() == Card::CardError) {
                         anyError = true;
                     }
                     ++nit;
                     ++oit;
                     ++idx;
                 }
 
                 Q_EMIT anyCardHasNullPinChanged(anyNP);
                 Q_EMIT anyCardCanLearnKeysChanged(anyLC);
 
                 if (anyError) {
                     gpgAgent.reset();
                 }
             } else {
                 GpgME::Error err;
-                (void)gpgagent_transact(gpgAgent, command.constData(), err);
+                if (assuanTransaction) {
+                    (void)gpgagent_transact(gpgAgent, command.constData(), std::unique_ptr<AssuanTransaction>(assuanTransaction), err);
+                } else {
+                    (void)gpgagent_default_transact(gpgAgent, command.constData(), err);
+                }
 
                 KDAB_SYNCHRONIZED(m_mutex)
                 // splice 'item' into m_finishedTransactions:
                 m_finishedTransactions.splice(m_finishedTransactions.end(), item);
 
                 Q_EMIT oneTransactionFinished(err);
             }
         }
     }
 
 private:
     mutable QMutex m_mutex;
     QWaitCondition m_waitForTransactions;
     const QString m_gnupgHomePath;
     // protected by m_mutex:
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> > m_cardInfos;
     std::list<Transaction> m_transactions, m_finishedTransactions;
 };
 
 }
 
 class ReaderStatus::Private : ReaderStatusThread
 {
     friend class Kleo::SmartCard::ReaderStatus;
     ReaderStatus *const q;
 public:
     explicit Private(ReaderStatus *qq)
         : ReaderStatusThread(qq),
           q(qq),
           watcher()
     {
         KDAB_SET_OBJECT_NAME(watcher);
 
         qRegisterMetaType<Card::Status>("Kleo::SmartCard::Card::Status");
         qRegisterMetaType<GpgME::Error>("GpgME::Error");
 
         watcher.whitelistFiles(QStringList(QStringLiteral("reader_*.status")));
         watcher.addPath(Kleo::gnupgHomeDirectory());
         watcher.setDelay(100);
 
         connect(this, &::ReaderStatusThread::cardChanged,
                 q, &ReaderStatus::cardChanged);
         connect(this, &::ReaderStatusThread::anyCardHasNullPinChanged,
                 q, &ReaderStatus::anyCardHasNullPinChanged);
         connect(this, &::ReaderStatusThread::anyCardCanLearnKeysChanged,
                 q, &ReaderStatus::anyCardCanLearnKeysChanged);
 
         connect(&watcher, &FileSystemWatcher::triggered, this, &::ReaderStatusThread::ping);
 
     }
     ~Private()
     {
         stop();
         if (!wait(100)) {
             terminate();
             wait();
         }
     }
 
 private:
     bool anyCardHasNullPinImpl() const
     {
         const auto cis = cardInfos();
         return std::any_of(cis.cbegin(), cis.cend(),
                            [](const std::shared_ptr<Card> &ci) { return ci->hasNullPin(); });
     }
 
     bool anyCardCanLearnKeysImpl() const
     {
         const auto cis = cardInfos();
         return std::any_of(cis.cbegin(), cis.cend(),
                            [](const std::shared_ptr<Card> &ci) { return ci->canLearnKeys(); });
     }
 
 private:
     FileSystemWatcher watcher;
 };
 
 ReaderStatus::ReaderStatus(QObject *parent)
     : QObject(parent), d(new Private(this))
 {
     self = this;
 }
 
 ReaderStatus::~ReaderStatus()
 {
     self = nullptr;
 }
 
 // slot
 void ReaderStatus::startMonitoring()
 {
     d->start();
 }
 
 // static
 ReaderStatus *ReaderStatus::mutableInstance()
 {
     return self;
 }
 
 // static
 const ReaderStatus *ReaderStatus::instance()
 {
     return self;
 }
 
 Card::Status ReaderStatus::cardStatus(unsigned int slot) const
 {
     return d->cardStatus(slot);
 }
 
 bool ReaderStatus::anyCardHasNullPin() const
 {
     return d->anyCardHasNullPinImpl();
 }
 
 bool ReaderStatus::anyCardCanLearnKeys() const
 {
     return d->anyCardCanLearnKeysImpl();
 }
 
 std::vector<Card::PinState> ReaderStatus::pinStates(unsigned int slot) const
 {
     const auto ci = d->cardInfos();
     if (slot < ci.size()) {
         return ci[slot]->pinStates();
     } else {
         return std::vector<Card::PinState>();
     }
 }
 
 void ReaderStatus::startSimpleTransaction(const QByteArray &command, QObject *receiver, const char *slot)
 {
-    const Transaction t = { command, receiver, slot };
+    const Transaction t = { command, receiver, slot, nullptr };
+    d->addTransaction(t);
+}
+
+void ReaderStatus::startTransaction(const QByteArray &command, QObject *receiver, const char *slot, std::unique_ptr<AssuanTransaction> transaction)
+{
+    const Transaction t = { command, receiver, slot, transaction.release() };
     d->addTransaction(t);
 }
 
 void ReaderStatus::updateStatus()
 {
     d->ping();
 }
 
 std::vector <std::shared_ptr<Card> > ReaderStatus::getCards() const
 {
     return d->cardInfos();
 }
 
 #include "readerstatus.moc"
diff --git a/src/smartcard/readerstatus.h b/src/smartcard/readerstatus.h
index e4390b7e8..27e34c68c 100644
--- a/src/smartcard/readerstatus.h
+++ b/src/smartcard/readerstatus.h
@@ -1,80 +1,86 @@
 /* -*- mode: c++; c-basic-offset:4 -*-
     smartcard/readerstatus.h
 
     This file is part of Kleopatra, the KDE keymanager
     SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2009 Klarälvdalens Datakonsult AB
 
     SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */
 
 #ifndef __KLEOPATRA__SMARTCARD__READERSTATUS_H___
 #define __KLEOPATRA__SMARTCARD__READERSTATUS_H___
 
 #include <QObject>
 #include <QMetaType>
 
 #include "card.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "kleopatra_debug.h"
 
+namespace GpgME
+{
+class AssuanTransaction;
+}
+
 namespace Kleo
 {
 namespace SmartCard
 {
 
 class ReaderStatus : public QObject
 {
     Q_OBJECT
 public:
     explicit ReaderStatus(QObject *parent = nullptr);
     ~ReaderStatus();
 
     static const ReaderStatus *instance();
     static ReaderStatus *mutableInstance();
 
     void startSimpleTransaction(const QByteArray &cmd, QObject *receiver, const char *slot);
+    void startTransaction(const QByteArray &cmd, QObject *receiver, const char *slot, std::unique_ptr<GpgME::AssuanTransaction> transaction);
 
     Card::Status cardStatus(unsigned int slot) const;
     bool anyCardHasNullPin() const;
     bool anyCardCanLearnKeys() const;
 
     std::vector<Card::PinState> pinStates(unsigned int slot) const;
 
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Card> > getCards() const;
 
     template <typename T>
     std::shared_ptr<T> getCard(const std::string &serialNumber) const
     {
         for (const auto &card: getCards()) {
             if (card->serialNumber() == serialNumber) {
                 qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "ReaderStatus::getCard() - Found card with serial number" << QString::fromStdString(serialNumber);
                 return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T>(card);
             }
         }
         qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "ReaderStatus::getCard() - Did not find card with serial number" << QString::fromStdString(serialNumber);
         return std::shared_ptr<T>();
     }
 
 public Q_SLOTS:
     void updateStatus();
     void startMonitoring();
 
 Q_SIGNALS:
     void anyCardHasNullPinChanged(bool);
     void anyCardCanLearnKeysChanged(bool);
     void cardChanged(unsigned int slot);
 
 private:
     class Private;
     std::shared_ptr<Private> d;
 };
 
 } // namespace SmartCard
 } // namespace Kleo
 
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Kleo::SmartCard::Card::Status)
 
 #endif /* __KLEOPATRA__SMARTCARD__READERSTATUS_H___ */
diff --git a/src/utils/writecertassuantransaction.cpp b/src/utils/writecertassuantransaction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c1db8dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/writecertassuantransaction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*  utils/writecertassuantransaction.cpp
+
+    This file is part of Kleopatra, the KDE keymanager
+    SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 g10 Code GmbH
+    SPDX-FileContributor: Ingo Klöcker <dev@ingo-kloecker.de>
+
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+*/
+
+#include "writecertassuantransaction.h"
+
+#include <QByteArray>
+
+#include <gpgme++/data.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "kleopatra_debug.h"
+
+using namespace Kleo;
+using namespace GpgME;
+
+WriteCertAssuanTransaction::WriteCertAssuanTransaction(const QByteArray &certificateData)
+    : DefaultAssuanTransaction()
+    , mCertData(certificateData.constData(), certificateData.size())
+{
+}
+
+WriteCertAssuanTransaction::~WriteCertAssuanTransaction()
+{
+}
+
+namespace {
+static bool startsWithKeyword(const char *string, const char *keyword)
+{
+    // simplified version of has_leading_keyword() in gnupg/common/stringhelp.c
+    if (!string || !keyword) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const size_t n = strlen(keyword);
+    return !strncmp(string, keyword, n) && (!string[n] || string[n] == ' ' || string[n] == '\t');
+}
+}
+
+Data WriteCertAssuanTransaction::inquire(const char *name, const char *args, Error &err)
+{
+    (void)args; (void)err;
+    qCDebug(KLEOPATRA_LOG) << "WriteCertAssuanTransaction::inquire() - name:" << name;
+
+    if (startsWithKeyword(name, "CERTDATA")) {
+        return mCertData;
+    } else {
+        return Data::null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/utils/writecertassuantransaction.h b/src/utils/writecertassuantransaction.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fa456979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/writecertassuantransaction.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*  utils/writecertassuantransaction.h
+
+    This file is part of Kleopatra, the KDE keymanager
+    SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 g10 Code GmbH
+    SPDX-FileContributor: Ingo Klöcker <dev@ingo-kloecker.de>
+
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+*/
+#ifndef __KLEOPATRA_WRITECERTASSUANTRANSACTION_H__
+#define __KLEOPATRA_WRITECERTASSUANTRANSACTION_H__
+
+#include <gpgme++/data.h>
+#include <gpgme++/defaultassuantransaction.h>
+
+class QByteArray;
+
+namespace Kleo
+{
+
+class WriteCertAssuanTransaction: public GpgME::DefaultAssuanTransaction
+{
+public:
+    explicit WriteCertAssuanTransaction(const QByteArray &certificateData);
+    ~WriteCertAssuanTransaction();
+
+private:
+    GpgME::Data inquire(const char *name, const char *args, GpgME::Error &err) override;
+
+private:
+    GpgME::Data mCertData;
+};
+
+} // namespace Kleo
+
+#endif // __KLEOPATRA_WRITECERTASSUANTRANSACTION_H__