"gpg --refresh-key" with hkp keyserver (SKS) fails for large keyrings.
Most likely this is a regression as older versions are still okay. Unfortunately
the current gpg4win 2.3.0 is affected and there's no newer version yet.
With GPG 2.0.26 (gpg4win 2.2.3) the refresh of all keys at once is still
possible. 2.0.27 (Gpg4win 2.2.4) fails as well as the most current gpg4win 2.3.0
with GnuPG 2.0.29.
I already scripted something to refresh every single key of the keyring
individually and succeeded with GnuPG 2.0.29 so it should not be a corrupt key.
Probably the error message is misleading...
GnuPG 2.0.29 buggy (current gpg4win): gpg --refresh-keys
gpg: Anzahl insgesamt bearbeiteter Schlüssel: 254
gpg: unverändert: 254
gpg: Schlüsselserver-Datenübertragunsfehler: keyserver helper general error
gpg: Schlüsselserver-Datenübertragunsfehler: Ung³ltiges Public-Key-Verfahren
gpg: Refresh vom Schlüsselserver fehlgeschlagen: Ung³ltiges Public-Key-Verfahren
C:\Users\mech>gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.29 (Gpg4win 2.3.0)
libgcrypt 1.6.4
GnuPG 2.0.27 already buggy: gpg --refresh-keys
gpg: Anzahl insgesamt bearbeiteter Schlüssel: 254
gpg: unverändert: 254
gpg: Schlüsselserver-Datenübertragunsfehler: keyserver helper general error
gpg: Schlüsselserver-Datenübertragunsfehler: Ung³ltiges Public-Key-Verfahren
gpg: Refresh vom Schlüsselserver fehlgeschlagen: Ung³ltiges Public-Key-Verfahren
C:\Users\mech>gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.27 (Gpg4win 2.2.4)
libgcrypt 1.6.3
GnuPG 2.0.26 okay: gpg --refresh-keys
gpg: Anzahl insgesamt bearbeiteter Schlüssel: 254
gpg: unverändert: 254
C:\Users\mech>gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.26 (Gpg4win 2.2.3)
libgcrypt 1.6.2