I did some digging with Wireshark:

1. there are DNS queries for proxy records A & AAAA (ipv4 & ipv6 - both regardless of --disable-ipv6)
2. DNS reply returns correct IP address in A record
3. there are no outgoing connections to proxy IP address

Just to clarify:
1.I'm behind corporate network
2.Network resolves only local addresses, so this is correct: dirmngr[7416]: resolving 'hkps.pool.sks-keyservers.net' failed: No name
3.Network address of the proxy is resolvable (I can see it's address and it responds to ping
4.Internet browser without proxy will not work
5,Internet browser with the proxy below works
6.When using gpg on this computer outside of corporate network everything works

@werner Problem persists (same results with disabling ipv4 or ipv6

same behavior on gpg 2.2.1