Yes. I think that Kleo does not yet fully support the R-flag indicating an ADSK.

I suggest always updating modifications which are "exportable".

systemd based Linux?

With the change, T7169 is fixed (by side-effect).

Pushed the change: rE1860f6407f83: spawn: Add new function to modify environment.

I have reproduced this with libkleo from our gpg4win/24.05 branch and with gpg (GnuPG) 2.4.6-beta102 (HEAD of STABLE-BRANCH-2-4) and current master of gpgme and all GnuPG libraries. It took just 8 runs until a unittest failed.

gpgme logs for a failed test where the keylisting with gpgsm failed

Last time I used the Non-Sucking Service Manager to create a windows service.
This works fine when the program gracefully stops on a OS terminate signal.
But this is an additional dependency.

If the keylisting (of OpenPGP and S/MIME certificates; technically, that's two independent keylistings) fails without giving any results then it makes sense to show a error message instead of the welcome page.

I do not want to do that for 2.2.45 (T7255) because we want to do that release RSN

Is there a mechanism which can be used for this? Of course this could be done using the usual autostart feature, or we turn the server into a Windows service (ask @alexk). Start the client along with kleopatra?

Thanks for opening a bug report. This is better for our workflow.

But the DEVINFO --watch is required to trigger this hang? Kleopatra does not use this but we see simlar hangs from time to time in the current version.